Biomedical subjects

Weiyan Yang

Publications and source records attributed to Weiyan Yang.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2003

[Psychological aspects of subjective tinnitus].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the psychological aspects of tinnitus and so as to treat them more effectively. METHOD: A total of 225 patients with first complain of subjective tinnitus was studied with interviewing, Zuang's self-rating scale of depression and tinnitus questionnaire to evaluate their psychological issues. RESULT: All patients showed obvious psychological problems. 21% of patients were resulted from psychological causes. 67.7% of patients were resulted in server psychological responses. The rest patients showed not only psychological causes but also psychological responses. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that there is close relationship between tinnitus and psychological issues. Tinnitus questionnaire and tinnitus retraining therapy are powerful tools in diagnosing and treating psychological issues in tinnitus patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

[Significance of p53, c-myc and nm23 protein expression in recurrent laryngeal carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognosis of postoperative laryngeal cancer recurrence, the study was designed to investigate the relationship of p53, c-myc and nm23 protein expression in recurrent laryngeal carcinoma. METHOD: Five hundred and seventy-four cases of laryngeal carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed. All the patients were observed for 3 years postoperatively, 56 cases with recurrence were diagnosed and 39 cases of normal laryngeal tissue were compared. The tissue microarrays was made in all the cases. The tissue chip was analyzed by the SABC immunohistochemical method. RESULT: p53, c-myc and nm23 expressed in most of the laryngeal carcinoma. The positive ratio is different. There is higher expression of c-myc in recurrent laryngeal carcinoma, and its expression has significant difference with the laryngeal carcinoma, which have no recurrence (P < 0.01). nm23 has lower expression in recurrent laryngeal carcinoma, and it's expression has significant difference with the laryngeal carcinoma which have no recurrence(P < 0.01). The expression of p53 has no significant difference between recurrent laryngeal carcinoma and the laryngeal carcinoma which have no recurrence(P > 0.05). There is the positive correlation between the expression of c-myc and the recurrent laryngeal carcinoma; and negative correlation between the expression of nm23 and the recurrent laryngeal carcinoma. CONCLUSION: c-myc and nm23 could be the prognosis marker of postoperative laryngeal cancer recurrence.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

[A longitudinal study of electrode impedance in nucleus 24M cochlear implant users].

OBJECTIVE: The primary goal of this study was to examine changes that may occur in electrode impedance over time in cochlear implant users. Secondary goal was to determine the timetable of mapping for patients who were cooperative quite well in psychophysical test. METHOD: Sixteen patients implanted with Nucleus CI24M participated in this study. The impedance of electrode was measured intra-operatively, at initial stimulation, and at each mapping visits. Statistical analysis was conducted to assess how the changes occurring over time. RESULT: There was a significant increase in electrode impedance from the intra-operative test to initial stimulation, and a significant decrease in impedance from initial stimulation to the following visit. The impedance values remained stable for approximately 2-4 months after initial stimulation. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that electrode-tissue interface gradually tend to remain stable. If a patient cooperates quite well in psychophysics test, the psychophysical levels for the map should be stable after 2 to 4-month mapping.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

[Tinnitus retraining therapy: a clinical control study of 117 patients].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effects of tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) on tinnitus. METHODS: 225 tinnitus patients were divided into two groups. 117 patients in the TRT group were treated with TRT and drugs, and 108 patients in the control group were treated with only tinnitus masking and drugs. The TRT is consisted of four strategies: (1) tinnitus masking with low level and broad band noise; (2) deep relaxation of the whole body; (3) diversion of the attention to other things; and (4) psychological counseling and therapy. Drugs, such as vasodilator, neurotrophic drug, and sedative of the similar dose and duration of pharmacotherapy were administered to the 2 groups. Effect evaluation was conducted thrice 2, 6, and 12 months after the beginning of therapy to see if the tinnitus was attenuated or disappeared and if the patients' emotion, sleep, and work were disturbed by tinnitus. RESULTS: The relief rate was 17.09%, 82.05%, and 88.03% in the TRT group 2, 6, and 12 months after respectively; and 2.78%, 26.85%, and 41.6% in the control group 2, 6, and 12 months after respectively (chi(2) = 12.54, 69.30, and 63.64, all P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: TRT is effective in treatment of tinnitus.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

[Diagnosis and treatment of glomus jugulare tumor].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of glomus jugulare tumor. METHODS: The data of 37 patients of glomus jugulare tumor diagnosed by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and/or operation and pathology, 14 males (37.8%) and 23 females (62.2%), with an average age of 37.2 (3.5 approximately 66 years) and an average course of 4.3 years (1 month - 19 years), were analyzed. RESULTS: The tumor was located in the left ear in 19 cases, in the right ear in 17 cases, and in both ears in 1 case, totally 38 ears. The tumor was chromaffin in one case with hypertension. One case was complicated by ipsilateral carotid body tumor, and 2 cases were complicated by ipsilateral cholesteatoma. Thirty cases (81.1%) presented pulsatile tinnitus and hearing loss as the main symptoms. Thirteen cases (35.1%) were diagnosed as glomus jugulare tumor at the first visit, and 24 cases (64.9%) were diagnosed as other diseases with an average misdiagnosis period of 4.4 years. Eighteen tumors originated from typanum and 28 tumors from glomus jugulare. According the Fisch classification 1981, the tumors in 11 ears were type A, in 7 ears were type B, in 7 ears type C, in 5 ears type D1, and in 8 ears type D2. All cases, except the one with bilateral lesions, underwent operation. The tumor was completely resected in 30 cases. Postoperatively, facial paralysis was seen in 6 cases, dizziness, hoarseness, and subauricular necrosis was seen in one case respectively. Of the 25 patients followed up with a mean follow-up time of 5.2 years (1.1 - 16.1 years), 3 died of lung cancer, neuroblastoma, or extensive involvement of glomus jugulare tumor respectively, 19 survived without tumor, and 3 survived with the tumor. CONCLUSION: Glomus jugulare tumor is likely to involve surrounding important tissues, and to be misdiagnosed. Early surgical removal of the lesion is important.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

[Screening for mitochondrial DNA mutation in two pedigrees with nonsyndromic inherited sensorineural hearing loss].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the genetic mechanism of maternal nonsyndromic inherited sensorineural hearing loss(SNHL), to identify the incidence of the 7445(G) mutation in such pedigrees and sporadic patients with SNHL, and to provide the theoretical evidence for the diagnosis of this disease. METHODS: Blood samples were obtained from 2 pedigrees and 14 sporadic patients with SNHL. DNA was extracted from the isolated leukocytes. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) fragments were amplified by PCR. The 1555(G), 3243(G) and 7445(G) mutation was detected by Alw 26 I, Apa I and Xba I restriction endonuclease digestion respectively. The sequence of 12S rRNA, tRNA(Leu(UUR)) and tRNA(Ser(UCN)) was examined. RESULTS: Restriction endonuclease digestion analysis showed that 12 individuals from 2 pedigrees carried homoplasmic 7445(G) mutation, which was of maternal inheritance. Six individuals from 2 pedigrees and 14 sporadic patients did not have 7445(G) mutation. All individuals did not have 1555(G) and 3243(G) mutation. The sequence analysis further showed that none of them carried homoplasmic 1555(G) and 3243(G) mutation, 12 individuals had (nt)7445 A--> G substitution in tRNA(Ser(UCN)) gene. CONCLUSION: The incidence of 7445(G) mutation in such pedigrees is higher than that in sporadic patients. Screening for mtDNA 7445(G) mutation combined with 1555(G) examination is of much value to clinical use.

DNA Mutational Analysis↗

PubMed2002

Deletions are easy detectable in cochlear mitochondrial DNA of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene knockout mice.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the tissue specificity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and to determine whether cochlear mtDNA is a sensitive target for ROS damage. METHODS: 10 Cu/ZnSOD gene (Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene, Sod1) knockout mice and 16 wild-type mice were analyzed by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: Three deletions were detected in various tissues of Sod1 knockout mice. MtDNA3867bp and mtDNA3726bp deletions were the most visible, and mtDNA4236bp deletion was barely detected in these tissues. There were obvious differences in the ratio of deleted mtDNA/total mtDNA in different tissue. Deleted mtDNA was most abundant in the liver and kidney and less in cochlea, heart and brain. The lowest was in spleen and skin. The ratio in various tissues was 3 - 20 times in Sod1 knockout mice over wild-type mice. In cochlea, the ratio was about 15. CONCLUSIONS: Without the protection of Sod1, ROS can lead to mtDNA deletions in various tissues with significant tissue specificity. Cochlear mtDNA is a sensitive target for ROS damage.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Changes in Ca2+-ATPase in a guinea pig endolymphatic hydrops model.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the localization of Ca(2+)-ATPase (Ca(2+) pump) in the cochlear and its change after endolymphatic hydrops, and to study the relationship between compound action potential (CAP) threshold and the Ca(2+)-ATPase activety. METHODS: The left endolymphatic sac was ablated to induce endolymphatic hydrops in fourteen healthy guinea pigs with normal action potential thresholds measured after a sliver ball electrode placed on the round window. Ca(2+)-ATPase activity was studied cytochemically using a lead citrate reaction in control and hydropic ears. The reaction product was lead phosphate particles as an expression of Ca(2+)-ATPase activity, observed with an eletron microscope. RESULTS: Ca(2+)-ATPase activity is mainly found on the endolymphatic surface of Reis sner's membrane, the stereocilia and cuticular plate of inner and outer hair cells, and along the infolded plasma membrane of strial marginal cells. CAP thresholds of filtered click are increased and Ca(2+)-ATPase activity significantly decreased after endolymphatic hydrops in the mentioned locations. CONCLUSIONS: CAP thresholds are increased and Ca(2+)-ATPase activity are significantly decreased in the cochlea after endolymphatic hydrops. These results suggest that there is a negative correlation between them.

Action Potentials↗

PubMed2002

Cochlear mitochondrial DNA3867bp deletion in aged mice.

OBJECTIVES: To study the status of cochlear mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and to determine the location of mtDNA deletion in aged mice. METHODS: We detected cochlear mtDNA in 2, 7 - 10 and 17 - 19 month old mice by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. RESULTS: mtDNA3867bp deletions were found in the cochleae of aged mice. The deletion occurred within nt9103-nt12970 and were flanked by 15 base pair direct repeats. Comparing the incidence of mtDNA3867bp deletions, 17 - 19 month old mice (7/8) were significantly higher than 7 - 10 month old mice (4/16). The deletion was not observed in 2 month old mice (0/7). The ratio of deleted mtDNA/total mtDNA in 17 - 19 month old mice was higher than in 7 - 10 month old mice (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Cochlear mtDNA 3867bp deletion in aged mice may be related to presbycusis.

Aging↗

PubMed2002

[One stage repair of soft tissue defects in facial and pharynx malignant tumor operations with radical forearm flap].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the applications of radial forearm flap(RFF) in malignant tumor operations in otolaryngology head neck surgery. METHOD: During the operation, the radical artery and cephalic vein were usually anastomosed to the upper thyroid artery and facial vein separately. RESULT: In all six RFF reconstruction patients, 4 cases succeeed and 2 failed. CONCLUSION: The RFF is a ready source of thin, pliable skin flap and it's also a reliable, well developed reconstruction technique. Its dissection can be easily made with the long vascular pedicle and large caliber vessels. This reconstruction technique can be widely adopted in otolaryngology head neck surgery operation.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

[Animal experimental study of effects of long-term triamcinolone acetonide acetate nasal spray on the nasal mucosa].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of triamcinolone acetonide acetate nasal spray on the animal's nasal mucosa. METHOD: Animals were divided into three groups: group one for high dosage; group two for low dosage; group three for control. Animals were given the high dosage of triamcinolone acetonide acetate nasal spray (880 micrograms), low dosage of triamcinolone acetonide acetate nasal (220 micrograms), 0.9% saline solution spray for each nasal cavity for two months. Before and after drug spraying, the examination of nasal mucosa and the blood routine were made, and the middle and inferior turbinate were removed for light and electron microscopic examination. RESULT: No differences of blood routine and nasal mucosa can be seen among the three groups, and the light and electron microscopic examination also. CONCLUSION: No harmful effects of triamcinolone acetonide acetate nasal spray on the nasal mucosa for long time using can be seen on the animal's experiment.

Administration, Intranasal↗

PubMed2002

[A report on a large family with X-linked recessive nonsyndromic hereditary low frequency neuropathic hearing impairment].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the genetic causes of low frequency neuropathic hearing impairment. METHODS: Using the network established by our institute, the proband of the low frequency neuropathic hearing loss pedigree was found. Then, investigation was carried out in the family from the proband. Cyrillic 2.1 software was set up to draw the pedigree and genetic characterization and phenotypes were analyzed in this family. RESULTS: One-hundred and one alive family members were investigated and the clinic audiologic examinations were performed in 43 of 101 individuals. Six of forty-three individuals appeared to be low frequency neuropathic hearing loss and all patients were males without systemic disorders except hearing loss. The clinic phenotypes were mild, middle, severe and profound hearing loss with disappearing of the auditory brainstem response(ABR) and partial normal results of distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) in the affected individuals. The onset of hearing loss was at 10-16 years old and the age of all patients was arranged from 18 to 26 years old. CONCLUSION: A large five generations family with hereditary low frequency neuropathic hearing impairment was found in our study. The genetic pattern in this family is male dominant X-linked recessive (XR) nonsyndromic hearing loss. Our findings suggest that some low frequency neuropathic disorders might be attributed to genetic factors.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

[Distribution of L-type calcium channels on outer hair cells among various turns of guinea pig cochlea].

OBJECTIVE: To probe the relationship between the density of L-type calcium channels on outer hair cells(OHCs) among various turns and the tonotopic map in the guinea pig cochlea. METHODS: The L-type calcium channels in outer hair cells of guinea pigs were labeled with DM-BODIPY DHP and RH414 and monitored using a laser scanning confocal microscope. The fluorescence ratio of DM-BODIPY DHP/RH414 revealed the distribution of L-type calcium channels on the cellular membrane. RESULTS: The results showed that the cellular membrane had lesser DM-BODIPY DHP staining when pretreated with nifedipine, indicating that calcium channels on OHCs had the specificity of a L-type calcium channel. The density of L-type calcium channels had a tendency of increasing gradually from low frequency areas to high frequency areas. Variance analysis showed that the difference of the density of L-type calcium channels on OHCs between the fourth turn and the second turn was significant. There were no apparent differences in the distribution of L-type calcium channels among various regions on the cellular membrane of OHCs. CONCLUSIONS: The descripency of the distribution of L-type calcium channels on OHCs among various turns of the guinea pig cochlea may be one of the molecular mechanisms of the tonotopic map of the cochlea.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

[KCNQ4 gene mutations affected a pedigree with autosomal dominant hereditary hearing loss].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate if the KCNQ4 gene contributes to a Chinese non-syndromic hearing loss pedigree and to detect the gene mutations in the pedigree using candidate approach. METHODS: PCR-SSCP and clone sequencing were performed to identify the mutations and polymorphism in PCR products of KCNQ4 coding sequence in the six-generations pedigree of autosomal dominant hereditary hearing loss. RESULTS: Mutations and polymorphism detection were performed on the KCNQ4 coding sequence in 36 family members of the pedigree. A molecular polymorphism marker located in the exon2 and exon3 intron sequence, which resulted from a copy variation of 47 base pairs insertion or deletion, was found in KCNQ4 sequence. CONCLUSION: A new molecular polymorphism marker with different genotypes was proved to locate at the intron sequence between at exon2 and exon3. The correlation between genotype and phenotype was analyzed. Deaf individuals were accompanied by the increase of the intron copies in the family. These findings suggest that the changes of the copies of intron between exon2 and exon3 of KCNQ4 might be a specific marker for the hearing loss of the pedigree.

Exons↗

PubMed2002

[The diagnosis and treatment of primary tumors of facial nerve: a report of 14 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinic characteristics of the tumors of facial nerve and discuss the diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: Fourteen cases of primary facial nerve tumors confirmed pathologically and treated in the Chinese PLA General Hospital from 1986-2000 were reviewed. The clinic manifestation, diagnosis and treatment in this series were analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 14 cases, there were 9 of facial neurilemmoma, 3 of facial neurofibroma and 2 of facial nerve hemangioma. The commonest first symptom was facial paralysis (10/14), the next was hearing loss(6/10). The commonest sign was the facial paralysis. The following was tumor in tympanic cavity (5/14) and the next was tumor in external auditory canal(4/14). The tumors in all 14 cases were totally resected surgically. The function of the facial nerve was normal in one case with nerve being preserved intact during operation, and in grade II in one case and grade III in other one case with nerves being preserved partly continuous. Facial--great auricular-facial nerve cable grafting were done in 6 cases, as result their facial nerve were in grade II in 2 cases, grade III in 3 case and grade IV in 1 case. The facial-lateral femoral cutaneous-facial nerve cable grafting was done in one case, and the facial nerve function was in grade III with 6 years of following-up. The second-stage facial-hypoglossal nerve anastomosis was done in one case, and the facial function consequently recover to grade II with 3 years of following-up. Three cases of facial nerve remained discontinuity and their facial nerve function showed no recovery (in grade VI). CONCLUSIONS: Once the facial nerve tumors were diagnosed, the surgical treatment should be done as early as possible. At the same time of tumor resection, the continuity of facial nerve should be kept and reconstructed in one stage as possible as we can, otherwise the second-stage surgery have be conducted soon after.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

[Protective effect of indirect activator of calcium pump on noise-induced hearing loss].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible protective effect of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), an activator of protein kinase C (PKC) and indirect activator of Ca2+ pump, on noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). METHODS: Twenty guinea pigs were divided randomly into two groups, and then perfused with artificial perilymph solutions in one group and with artificial perilymph solutions containing 3 mumol/L PMA in the other one, respectively. All animals were exposed with 100 dB SPL white noise for 2 hours. Cochlear microphonics (CM) and compound action potential (CAP) were recorded from the round window (RW) before noise exposure and 2 hours after noise exposure. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in CAP threshold and CM amplitude between two groups before noise exposure. A significant difference was observed in CAP threshold and CM amplitude between two groups after noise exposure. The amplitude of CM decreased and the threshold of CAP increased in both group after noise exposure, but in the PMA group the decrease of the amplitude of CM was higher while the increase of threshold of CAP lower than that in control (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: PMA might have partly protective effect on NIHL. These findings indirectly proved that intracellular Ca2+ overload might involve in the mechanism of NIHL.

Action Potentials↗

PubMed2002

[Inner hair cells isolation and morphological observation].

OBJECTIVE: To set up an effective technique for isolating the single inner hair cells (IHCs) and observe morphological features to distinguish IHCs from other hair cells (OHCs) in vitro. METHODS: Surface preparations contained rows of OHCs and IHCs were prepared from guinea pigs. The cluster and single IHCs were separated microsurgically combination with an enzymatic digestion. The clusters of IHCs were separated using two fine electrodes and transferred by a gentle suction using a glass micropipette. RESULTS: On the average, one guinea pig cochlear yielded approximately 30 to 50 viable solitary IHCs. The cell body of the IHCs was pear or flask shape. The nucleus was located in the central of the cell body, and the cytoplasm was filled with the structured and scattered rough granules. The stereocilia were seen in the most of IHCs (93 out of 98). The stereocilia were aligned, almost lineally or in a "C" shape, in one side on the surface of the cuticular plate. The tight neck and the angle between the cuticular plate and the axis of the cell were observed in some IHCs but not obvious in most cases, which might be due to the orientation of the cells. The length of isolated IHCs was ranged from 13 to 31 microns and with an average of (22.45 +/- 4.14) micron (mean +/- s, n = 98). The diameter of IHCs was ranged from 7 to 15 microns and with an average of (11.95 +/- 1.59) micron. The length of stereocilia was ranged from 2 to 7.5 microns and with an average of (5.21 +/- 1.00) micron. CONCLUSION: Unambiguous solitary IHCs were successfully harvested from guinea pig cochlea using a microsurgical technique. The tight neck and the angle between the cuticular plate and the axis of the IHCs have been considered as an important landmark to distinguish the IHCs from OHCs.

Animals↗