cDNA expression arrays: the effects of lactacystin in lipopolysaccharide-induced cystitis.
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Acetylcysteine↗
Biomedical subjects
X C Wang
Publications and source records attributed to X C Wang.
Selenium geochemistry of paddy soils in Yangtze River Delta.
Selenium (Se) content both in total and bioavailable forms were very low (25-35 and 9.5 micrograms/kg, respectively) in waterlogged paddy soils in the central Yangtze River Delta. This was due to changes in geochemistry and the inherent properties of the parent materials of these lowland paddy soils. The very low Se content (23 micrograms/kg) in the parent material resulted in low total Se content in the soil. The main chemical changes under long-term waterlogged conditions are depletion of molecular oxygen, decrease of redox potential, and reduction of Fe (III) to Fe (II) and SeO3(2-) to Se0. This led to low availability of Se in soils, and subsequently low Se content (29 micrograms/kg) in brown rice grain produced in this region. It has been suspected that low Se content in staple food might be one of the major reasons for a high infection rate of the intestine and stomach cancers and the higher death rate caused by these diseases in the region. Foliage spray of Na2SeO3 at early heading stage of rice plant growth improved the Se content of brown rice grain, hull, and straw, and would improve human and animal health.
Biological Availability↗
[Phylogenetic analysis of interspecies in genus Glycine through SSR markers].
The genetic diversity among 11 species of genus Glycine (altogether 37 accessions) was evaluated through SSR analysis. The number of alleles in different loci ranges from 6 to 29, averaging 15.9 per locus; alleles of subgenus soja account for 71.5% of those in subgenus Glycine, and the fingerprinting among subgenus Glycine is more divergent than that of subgenus soja. Principal factor analysis shows that the first and the second principal factor can classify genus Glycine into two groups which represent subgenus Glycine and subgenus soja. The results of UPGMA indicate that G. mas, G. soja and G. gracilis in subgenus soja are different species.
Alleles↗
Efficacy trial of Vi polysaccharide vaccine against typhoid fever in south-western China.
OBJECTIVE: To test the efficacy of locally produced Vi vaccine over a time period of longer than one year. METHODS: A double-blinded, randomized field trial was performed in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in south-western China, using 30 micrograms doses of locally produced Vi. Enrolled subjects were 3-50 years of age, although the majority (92%) were school-aged children, who have the highest rate of typhoid fever in this setting. A total of 131,271 people were systematically allocated a single dose of 30 micrograms of Vi polysaccharide or saline placebo. The study population was followed for 19 months, with passive surveillance conducted in the Ministry of Health and the Regional Health and Anti-epidemic Centre (HAEC). Clinically suspected cases of typhoid fever were confirmed by blood culture, or by serological reaction with O-antigen (Widal tests). FINDINGS: After 19 months, there were 23 culture-confirmed cases of typhoid fever in the placebo group versus 7 cases in the Vi group (Protective efficacy (PE) = 69%; 95% CI = 28%, 87%). Most of the isolates were from school-aged children: 22 cases in the placebo group versus 6 in the Vi group (PE = 72%; 95% CI = 32%, 82%). No serious post-injection reactions were observed. The locally produced Vi polysaccharide vaccine showed levels of protective efficacy similar to those for Vi vaccine produced in industrial countries. CONCLUSION: The slightly higher dose of vaccine did not seem to alter efficacy significantly in China.
Adolescent↗
[QTLs mapping of some agronomic traits of soybean].
A recombinant inbred population of soybean was developed from a intraspecies cross of Kefeng1 and Nannong 1138-2. A genetic linkage group of soybean genome was constructed, which composed of 22 linkage groups, included 302 loci, covered 2,363.8 cM. The interval mapping was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QLTs) associated with ten important agronomic traits in the RIL population. The results indicated that thirty-four QTLs were detected for the ten traits associated with yield and seed quality. We conclude that QTL analysis offers a useful tool for the genetic improvement of soybean cultivars.
Chromosome Mapping↗
Superimposition and Analysis of ESI Tandem Mass Spectra.
Methionine enkephalin and four synthetic peptides (a heptapeptide and its modified form, a decapeptide and an icosapeptide) were fragmented using ESI tandem mass spectrometry with certain varying instrumental parameters, such as amplitude of excitation, to produce a series of MS/MS spectra. Using the Bruker DataAnalysis software, some complementary MS/MS spectra were chosen to form a superimposed MS/MS spectrum with consecutive triplets (as well as a few doublets) consisting of product ions AnBnCn or X n Y n Z n. The amino acid sequences of the peptides were easily and accurately determined from the superimposed MS/MS spectrum, suggesting that the method is easy and suitable for peptide sequencing by tandem mass spectrometry.
Journal Article↗
[Chromatographic behavior and purification of synthetic huwentoxin-I].
A comparative study was made to investigate the chromatographic behavior and purification of chemically synthesized and native polypeptide neurotoxin huwentoxin-I (HWTX-I) by means of reversed-phase HPLC and ion-exchange chromatography. The results showed that the synthetic HWTX-I in crude product has a longer retention time than the native HWTX-I, but has the same retention time as the denatured HWTX-I, suggesting it being in a state of complete denaturation which was confirmed by the MALDI-TOF MS analysis. It has also been discovered that, before complete purification, the synthetic HWTX-I, after oxidative treatment, showed wider and more asymmetric peaks than the native HWTX-I that was denatured and then renatured under the same experimental conditions, which suggests that there is even greater conformational unhomogeneity in the synthetic HWTX-I. It was inferred that, in addition to the wrong disulfide bonds formation during oxidative folding, the racemization during chemical synthesis resulted in more stereoisomers of synthetic HWTX-I. It was needed for the renatured synthetic peptides to be purified using different methods alternatively.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
[Analysis of surface-active substances in Sapindus mukurossi by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry].
A high performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry method has been developed for the analysis of surface-active substances (hederagenin saponins and sesquiterpene oligoglycosides) in the extracts of the pericarp of Sapindus mukurossi. The method consists of the separation of surface-active substances using C18 HPLC column, followed by detection using a diode-array detector at 210 nm and then on-line mass spectrometry. Hederagenin saponins and sesquiterpene oligoglycosides were characterized as [M - H]- or [M + Na]+. Based on the relative molecular mass, established by mass spectrometry and the structure induced by in-source CID technology, three components that had not been reported in Sapindus mukurossi before were identified. Several surface-active substances were obtained by means of semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were further confirmed by NMR spectrometry as mukurozi-saponin Y2, mukurozi-saponin X, mukurozioside I a and mukurozioside II a.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
[Pinworm infection in primary school students in Luoyang City].
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Child↗
[Comparative study of the expression and phosphorylation of neurofilament proteins of brain gray matter in Alzheimer's disease].
OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of abnormal modification of neurofilament proteins (NFPs) in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD), and the characteristics of NFPs in distribution and solubility. METHOD: Ultra-centrifugation and Western blot were utilized to isolate and analyze NF subunits. Ultra-centrifugation and Western blot were utilized to observe the effect of abnormal modification of neurofilament proteins (NFPs) on the characteristics of NFPs in distribution and solubility in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. RESULTS: In human brain gray matter, NF subunits were mainly detected in particular fraction. Compared with Huntington's disease (HD), the content of NF subunits was increased in AD brain gray matter and the increased level of NF-H and NF-M were mainly in abnormal hyper-phosphorylate form. CONCLUSION: Abnormal phosphorylation and accumulation of NFPs are involved in pathology of AD brain.
Alzheimer Disease↗
Substance P dependence of endosomal fusion during bladder inflammation.
Urinary bladder instillation of ovalbumin into presensitized guinea pigs stimulates rapid development of local bladder inflammation. Substance P is an important mediator of this inflammatory response, as substance P antagonists largely reverse the process. Vacuolization of the subapical endosomal compartment of the transitional epithelial cells lining the bladder suggests that changes in endosomal trafficking and fusion are also part of the inflammatory response. To test directly for substance P mediation of changes in endosomal fusion, we reconstituted fusion of transitional cell endosomes in vitro using both cuvette-based and flow cytometry energy transfer assays. Bladders were loaded with fluorescent dyes by a hypotonic withdrawal protocol before endosomal isolation by gradient centrifugation. Endosomal fusion assayed by energy transfer during in vitro reconstitution was both cytosol and ATP dependent. Fusion was confirmed by the increase in vesicle size on electron micrographs of fused endosomal preparations compared with controls. In inflamed bladders, dye uptake was inhibited 20% and endosomal fusion was inhibited 50%. These changes are partly mediated by the neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor (NK1R), as 4 mg/kg of CP-96,345, a highly selective NK1 antagonist, increased fusion in inflamed bladders but had no effect on control bladders. The receptor-mediated nature of this effect was demonstrated by the expression of substance P receptor mRNA in rat bladder lumen scrapings and by the detection of the NK1R message in guinea pig subapical endosomes by Western blot analysis. The NK1Rs were significantly upregulated following induction of an inflammatory response in the bladder. These results demonstrate that 1) in ovalbumin-induced inflammation in the guinea pig bladder, in vitro fusion of apical endosomes is inhibited, showing endocytotic processes are altered in inflammation; 2) pretreatment in vivo with an NK1R antagonist blocks this inhibition of in vitro fusion, demonstrating a role for NK1R in this process; and 3) the NK1R is present in higher amounts in apical endosomes of inflamed bladder, suggesting changes in translation or trafficking of the NK1R during the inflammatory process. This suggests that NK1R can change the fusion properties of membranes in which it resides.
Animals↗
Nuclear factor kappa B mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in the urinary bladder.
PURPOSE: The proteins which constitute the final common pathway linking receptors on cell surfaces to the inflammatory cascade have recently been identified and cloned. Central to activation of this inflammatory cascade is translocation from cytosol to nucleus of the nuclear transcription factor known as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB). The purpose of this study was to determine whether NF-kappaB cascade plays a role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation of the mouse urinary bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bladder inflammation was induced in anesthetized mice by intravesical instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and quantified by morphometric analysis. The NK-1 receptors for substance P were quantified by flow cytometry. LPS-induced degradation of inhibitory IkappaB subunit was quantified by Western blotting analysis and translocation of NF-kappaB protein from cytosol to the nucleus was determined by confocal microscopy and Western blotting analysis. In addition, we determine the effect of lactacystin, a proteosome inhibitor, on LPS-induced IkappaB degradation and NF-kappaB translocation, NK-1 receptor fluorescence intensity, and bladder inflammation. RESULTS: LPS instillation into the mouse bladder resulted in time dependent loss of the inhibitory IkappaB subunit of the NF-kappaB protein complex. IkappaB cleavage was followed by translocation of NF-kappaB from the cytosol to the nucleus. This was associated with increased expression of an NF-kappaB dependent inflammatory component, the NK-1 receptor. Pretreatment of mouse bladders with the NF-kappaB inhibitor, lactacystin, prevented cleavage of IkappaB in a dose-dependent manner. Lactacystin prevented increases in the NF-kappaB dependent inflammatory cascade components such as the NK-1 receptor. At the whole tissue level, the marked inflammatory infiltrate and mucosal breakdown associated with LPS administration was completely abolished by lactacystin. CONCLUSION: NF-kappaB mediates many features of urinary bladder inflammation induced by LPS. The NF-kappaB cascade is an important target for anti-inflammatory management of cystitis.
Administration, Intravesical↗
[Chemical synthesis and characterization of R20A-HWTX-I, a mutant of huwentoxin-I with single residue replacement].
Huwentoxin-I (HWTX-I) is a polypeptide neurotoxin purified from the venom of the spider Selenocosmia huwena. R20A-HWTX-I, a mutant of HWTX-I in which the Arg was replaced by Ala, was synthesized on solid support by using Fmoc chemistry. The synthetic mutant was oxidatively renatured in glutathione-containing buffer, and then isolated by reversed phase and specially designed ion-exchange HPLC. The chemical structure of R20A-HWTX-I was confirmed by amino acid analysis, Edman degradation and MALDI-TOF mass analysis. Physiological experiment showed that the replacement of R20 by a decreased the bioactivity of the HWTX-I by 92%, indicating that R20 is a key residue closely related to the bioactivity of the HWTX-I.
Animals↗
[Effect of chuanwu and baishao used separately or in combination on adjuvant arthritis in rats].
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Chuanwu(Aconitum carmichaeli) and Baishao(Paeonia lactiflora) used separately or in combination on the adjuvant arthritis in rats. METHOD: Chuanwu-Baishao decoctions of different proportions were orally administered to three different rat models with adjuvant arthritis to observe the preventing and curing actions on the primary and secondary adjuvant arthritis in rats. RESULT: The curing action on the primary adjuvant arthritis appeared the same whether the two ingredients were used separately or in combination, while on the secondary adjuvant arthritis the combination, produced significant preventing effect. Chuanwu was proved weaker in action when used alone Chuanwu and Baishao were very efficacious in curing adjuvant arthritics when used in combination other than separately. CONCLUSION: In preventing and curing the secondary adjuvant arthritis in rats Chuanwu and Baishao work better in combination.
Aconitum↗
[Analysis of carbon number and ethylene oxide number distribution in alcohol ethoxylates by HPLC/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry].
Alcohol ethoxylates (AEO) of the formula RO(CH2CH2O)nH are an increasingly important class of nonionic surfactants. They are not single component but a complex mixture with a distribution of alkyl and ethoxylate groups. The average number of ethoxylate groups can greatly influence the characteristics of surfactants. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied to separate alcohol ethoxylates(AEO) by alkyl and ethoxylate groups. Coupled with on line electrospray mass spectrometry, chromatographic peaks were assigned according to their mass spectra. Using this method, we succeeded in determining the distribution of LION AEO3 (Dobanox25c), which has an alkyl chain with 12, 13, 14 and 15 carbon atoms. Its ethylene oxide numbers vary from 1 to 12. The reason of distortion of the pseudo-molecule-ion intensity is also explained. The response of the MS detector for AEO species increased exponentially as the EO number increased from 1 to 6, after that, the increasing trend became moderate.
Alcohols↗
[Survey of pediculosis capitis in primary school pupils in the suburbs of Luoyang City].
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Child↗
Monoclonal antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165): neutralization of biological activity and recognition of the epitope.
Five antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) were obtained. These antibodies, Ab-2, Ab-20, Ab-153, Ab-309, Ab-342, were able to recognize not only native VEGF165, but also reducing VEGF165. Three of the antibodies, Ab-153, Ab-309, Ab-342, were identified as VEGF165 neutralizing antibody on the basis of its ability to inhibit the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) induced by VEGF165 and the binding of [125I]-VEGF165 to receptors on HUVEC. The fragments of E1 (VEGF120-135) and E2 (VEGF46-60) recognized by neutralizing antibodies may be related the receptor binding domain of VEGF.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Study of formula for calculating body surface areas of the Chinese adults].
The body surface area of 100 Chinese adults (50 for each sex) was measured with the paper cast method and compared to the results estimated by the Stevenson's "height-weight-surface" formula. Our results shows that Stevenson's formula is no longer suitable for the Chinese. Our formulae for Chinese are as follows: SI=0.0061 x H + 0.0124 x W - 0.0099 (for both sexes), SII=0.0057 x H + 0.0121 - W + 0.0882 (for male), SIII=0.0073 H + 0.0127 x W - 0.2106 (for female) H: body height, W: body weight, S: body surface area
Adult↗