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Biomedical subjects

Y Adachi

Publications and source records attributed to Y Adachi.

At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
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Absence of microsatellite instability and germline mutations of E-cadherin, APC and p53 genes in Japanese familial gastric cancer.

To evaluate the genetic factors of familial predisposition to gastric cancer, genetic alterations in the surgically resected stomach samples from gastric-cancer-prone families were investigated. Familial gastric cancer (FGC) was defined as gastric cancer occurring in a family with 3 or more gastric cancer patients over at least two successive generations. We examined replication error (RER) of six microsatellite markers and screened mutations of the 10-(A) repeat sequence in the transforming growth factor-beta receptor type II (TGF-betaRII) gene in individuals from seven unrelated FGC families. Three cases showed RER at one of the six (CA)n microsatellite markers but the other 4 cases showed no RER at any of these loci. No mutation was found in the 10-(A) repeat of the TGF-betaRII gene. Additionally, no germline mutation was found by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism in exons 1-16 of E-cadherin, exons 5-8 of p53 and in the mutation cluster region of APC. These results indicate that disorders in the DNA mismatch repair system, E-cadherin, p53 and APC may be infrequently involved in the carcinogenesis of Japanese FGC.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein↗
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High expression of apolipoprotein E mRNA in the brains with sporadic Alzheimer's disease.

In order to study progressive dementia in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, we analyzed the gene expression of apolipoprotein E (apoE). ApoE mRNA level in the brains of patients with AD was determined by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. ApoE genotype and the promoter polymorphisms (-491A/T, Th1/E47cs) were determined by the PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The apoE mRNA level was significantly higher in the AD group than the control group (p < 0.05). ApoE mRNA in the AD group with apoE epsilon 4 was also significantly higher than that in the control group with apoE epsilon 4 (p < 0.05). Our result did not indicate the possibility that the promoter polymorphisms modulate the apoE mRNA level. The higher level of apoE mRNA in AD with apoE epsilon4 may play an important role in the development of AD.

Aged↗
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Analysis of amyloid precursor protein mRNAs in skin fibroblasts in Down's syndrome.

We examined amyloid precursor protein (APP) mRNAs expression in skin fibroblasts from Down's syndrome (DS) patients of different ages to determine the time of occurrence of abnormal splicing. The ratio of APP770 + 751 mRNA to APP695 mRNA (APP770 + 751/695) was significantly increased in the young DS group and adult DS group compared with the age-matched control groups (p < 0.01, p < 0.05), but no significant increase was observed in the aged DS group compared with the age-matched control group. These findings suggest that metabolic abnormalities of the APP gene occur at a very early stage of DS, at a mean age of about 5 years. Therefore, metabolic abnormalities of the APP gene are considered to appear at a very young age also Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we confirmed that examination of the APP gene in skin fibroblasts might be useful for early diagnosis of AD.

Adult↗
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Analysis of 390 patients surviving 10 years or longer after curative resection for gastric cancer.

We analyzed clinicopathological features and prognosis of 390 Japanese patients with gastric cancer who survived 10 years or longer after curative resection. All of the patients were treated in our clinics. One hundred and ninety-one of these patients had early gastric cancer and the other 199 had advanced gastric cancer. The mean age was 53.5 years and the male to female ratio was 2:1. The upper one-third of the stomach was less commonly involved and a partial gastrectomy was most often done. Lymph node metastasis was present in 28.7% and extensive lymph node dissection (R2 or R3) was done in 92.5% of the cases. Nine patients died with a recurrence of gastric cancer and 20 patients died with a malignancy in other organs. Curative resection with extensive lymph node dissection and, when required, combined resection of the neighboring organs does improve the survival rate for patients with either early or advanced gastric cancer. An annual follow-up examination to rule out recurrences or malignancies in other organs is to be recommended.

Adult↗
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Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the liver: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Bile cytology from percutaneous transhepatic cholangio-drainage (PTCD) is a useful procedure in case of obstructive jaundice. CASE: Repeated cytology via PTCD from a cystically dilated duct in a 56-year-old female with a long clinical history permitted a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The smears showed excessive benign-appearing squamous cells with or without a nucleus and a few keratinized- and nonkeratinized-type SCC cells. No adenocarcinoma-derived cells were identified. No focus of SCC was detected clinically. The resected hepatic specimen disclosed a keratinized-type SCC simultaneous with benign metaplastic squamous epithelium. CONCLUSION: This case of cytology of primary SCC of the liver seems to be the first reported. Even when showing a great number of benign-appearing squamous cells, the possibility of malignancy should not be ruled out. Repeating the cytology from PTCD is effective for a diagnosis.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
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Pure red cell aplasia and myelofibrosis in B-cell neoplasm.

We describe an unusual case of B-cell neoplasm accompanied by pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) and myelofibrosis in a 67-year-old male presenting with severe anaemia. A few unclassified, myeloperoxidase-negative blastoid cells were seen on bone marrow aspiration, and erythroid cell hypoplasia and myelofibrosis on bone marrow biopsy. An autoimmune PRCA was suspected, as serum CH50, C3 and C4 levels were consistently low. Ciclosporin was effective in treating the anaemia, but anaemia returned when the drug was discontinued. Thirteen months later, the patient was admitted with pleural effusion and ascites that contained monoclonal CD19+ CD20+ immature blast cells with a complex karyotype, thought to be neoplastic B-cells. The unclassified blastoid cells seen earlier may therefore have been from the same origin. The patient deteriorated rapidly and died. Only one case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with PRCA and myelofibrosis has been reported previously. We discuss the possibility that dysregulated T-cells induced by neoplastic B-cells may have given rise to concomitant PRCA and myelofibrosis.

Aged↗
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Water intoxication and rhabdomyolysis.

A 44-year-old woman was admitted because of stupor. She had consumed 3 liters of water due to thirst after drinking alcohol. Laboratory findings on admission revealed marked hyponatremia (sodium: 115 mEq/l). She was diagnosed as having water intoxication. She recovered from her hyponatremia upon excretion of a large amount of hypotonic urine. Subsequently, however, her serum creatine phosphokinase was markedly elevated at 28,650 IU/l, and her serum myoglobin reached 2,760 ng/ml. The relationship between the occurrence of hyponatremia secondary to water intoxication and rhabdomyolysis was suggested.

Adult↗
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Acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki disease) in adults: case report and review of the literature.

A 25-year-old female meeting all six criteria for Kawasaki disease is reported. A total of 22 reported cases of adult Kawasaki disease, including the present case, are reviewed. In adult Kawasaki disease, arthralgia, gastrointestinal complications and hepatic dysfunction are seen more frequently than in childhood cases. Cardiac complications are rarely seen in adult Kawasaki disease. Two cases have been positive for anti-nuclear antibody (ANA). The present patient had increased levels of serum IgE and was positive for ANA, suggesting involvement of an immune mechanism. Adult Kawasaki disease is rare but appears to be on the increase; internists treating adults must be aware of this disease.

Adult↗
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Transferrin concentration in seminal plasma with special reference to serum hormone levels in infertile men.

The concentration of transferrin in seminal plasma and serum levels of LH, FSH, testosterone, and prolactin were measured in 94 male patients attending our infertility clinic. The concentration of transferrin in patients with azoospermia was lowest among azoospermia, oligozoospermia, and normozoospermia groups. There was significant positive correlation between the concentration of transferrin in seminal plasma and sperm density. However, seminal plasma transferrin was inversely correlated with serum levels of LH, FSH, and prolactin, respectively. It is suggested that transferrin in seminal plasma contributes to the activation of seminiferous tubules and can be used as a reliable index of Sertoli cell function.

Adult↗
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Hormone profiles and testicular histology in azoospermic men with sex chromosome aberrations, autosomal anomalies and normal karyotype.

Hormone profiles and testicular histology were studied in azoospermic men with sex chromosome aberrations, autosomal anomalies, and normal karyotype. In patients with sex chromosome aberrations, levels of plasma gonadotropins were significantly higher than those with autosomal anomalies and normal karyotype. The testosterone level in plasma was considerably lower in those with sex chromosome aberrations than in other groups. The prolactin level in plasma was not significantly different among the three groups. The administration of LH-RH resulted in a remarkably lower response of plasma gonadotropins in sex chromosome anomalies than in other groups. The response of plasma testosterone to the administration of hCG was also significantly decreased in those with sex chromosome aberrations compared with other groups. Johnsen score count and diameter of the seminiferous tubules were considerably reduced in those with sex chromosome anomalies compared with other groups, while wall thickness and Leydig cells per seminiferous tubule were significantly increased. It would appear that hormone disturbances and testicular alterations are less marked in azoospermic men with autosomal anomalies than in those with sex chromosome aberrations.

Adult↗
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Hormone profiles and testicular histology in azoospermic men with Y-autosome translocation and autosomal translocation.

Hormone profiles and testicular histology were studied in azoospermic men with Y-autosome translocation and autosomal translocation. Plasma levels of LH, FSH, prolactin, and testosterone were within normal ranges in these anomalies. The responses of plasma gonadotropins to LH-RH and plasma testosterone to hCG were similar in the two groups. Johnsen score count, diameter of the seminiferous tubules, wall thickness, and Leydig cells per seminiferous tubules were similar in the two groups. It would appear that hormone conditions an alterations are similar in azoospermic men with Y-autosome translocation and autosomal translocation.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
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Testicular histology in experimental uremic rats.

Testicular histology in chronic renal failure was studied using stepwise-nephrectomized and adenine-treated rats. Serum levels of urea nitrogen and creatinine were significantly higher than those in sham-operated and control rats (P < .001). However, the mean tubular diameter was not different among the 4 groups. Numbers of A-spermatogonia, preleptotene and pachytene spermatocytes, and spermatids per 100 Sertoli cells were not different among the 4 groups. It would appear that testicular histology is not influenced by chronic renal failure in rats.

Animals↗
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Amplification and overexpression of cyclin D1 in aggressive human esophageal cancer.

Cyclin D1 is a cell-cycle regulator essential for G1 phase progression and a candidate proto-oncogene implicated in pathogenesis of several human tumor types including esophageal cancers. Association between cyclin D1 gene amplification and clinical outcome was examined using southern blotting in 45 patients with primary esophageal cancer. In cases showing gene amplification, expression levels of mRNA and gene product were further examined by northern blotting, western blotting and immunohistochemical analyses. Amplification of cyclin D1 gene was found in 14 of 45 patients (31. 1%). There was no association between gene amplification and clinicopathological parameters but the frequency of hematogenous recurrence in cases with gene amplification was significantly higher than that in cases without amplification in 30 patients undergoing curative surgery (70.0% vs 25.0%, p<0.05). Furthermore, cumulative survival rate of cases with gene amplification was significantly lower than that of cases without amplification (p<0.05). Overexpression of cyclin D1 mRNA was observed in 12 of 14 cases (85. 7%) showing gene amplification but overexpression of its protein was found in only four cases (28.6%). Amplification of the cyclin D1 gene is a reliable prognostic factor and post-translational modification of this gene may play a functionally important role in development of primary esophageal cancer.

Aged↗
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Preoperative estimation of neural invasion in rectal carcinoma.

To reduce postoperative local recurrence in patients who undergo a nerve preserving operation for rectal carcinoma, preoperative estimation of neural invasion would be desirable. For this purpose we clarified the characteristics of rectal carcinomas with neural invasion and then evaluated the usefulness of matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) gene as an indicator for neural invasion. The study included 128 patients with primary rectal carcinoma. The histologic examination plus immunohistochemical study for S-100 protein was performed. A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) study for MMP7 using preoperatively obtained biopsy specimens was also performed in 32 patients. Neural invasion was recognized in 38 (29.7%) of 128 tumors. The tumors with neural invasion were characterized by infiltrative growth pattern, frequent lymphatic and venous permeation, frequent lymph node metastasis, and advanced stage of disease. The cases with neural invasion also showed a higher recurrent rate and worse prognosis. An RT-PCR study demonstrated that a significantly higher expression of MMP7 mRNA was recognized in neural invasion positive cases than in negative ones (p<0.05), indicating that MMP7 may be a good indicator for neural invasion of rectal carcinoma. Neural invasion would be an additional useful factor for providing information on malignant potential. The RT-PCR results of MMP7 gene may be useful for predicting which tumors may develop neural invasion.

Biomarkers↗
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Prognostic significance of c-myc mRNA expression assessed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR in patients with colorectal cancer.

To clarify the prognostic value of the c-myc oncogene mRNA expression levels in human colorectal cancer, samples obtained from 35 surgically resected tissues were examined by the semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Overexpression of c-myc mRNA was detected in 22 cases (63%). Although there was no correlation between c-myc overexpression and the depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, or Dukes' stage, the patients with c-myc overexpression had metastatic recurrences significantly more frequently than those without it (29% versus 0%, p<0.05). The disease-free survival rate at 5 years was significantly lower in patients with c-myc overexpression than in those without it (70% versus 100%, p<0.05). These results demonstrate that c-myc mRNA overexpression as assessed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR may be a useful prognostic indicator in patients with colorectal cancer.

Adult↗