Biomedical subjects

Y Adachi

Publications and source records attributed to Y Adachi.

950 records · Page 53Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Proteasome inhibitor 1 enhances paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line.

Paclitaxel is a chemotherapeutic drug that induces apoptosis in tumor cells by stabilizing microtubules, prevents normal mitosis, and blocks the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. We have previously reported that the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-8 plays a crucial role in paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. Anti-tumor reagents including paclitaxel, irradiation, and other stimuli activate the transcription factor NF-kappaB, which has the ability to suppress the apoptotic potential of those stimuli. Using a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (LC-2-AD), we therefore examined whether the inhibition of NF-kappaB activity by proteasome inhibitor 1 (PS1) could become a new adjuvant therapy for cancer. A synergistic effect on apoptosis induction was observed with the combination of more than 0.1 microg/ml paclitaxel and 0.5 microM PS1. An increase in the cell number of apoptotic cells is correlated with the loss of Deltaphim and the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-8. Furthermore, augmented apoptosis is related to NF-kappaB activation. Based on these findings, we propose that the combination of paclitaxel with PS1 could be a new strategy for cancer treatment.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Volvulus of the ileum in adult diagnosed pre-operatively by helical 3-dimensioned computed-tomography.

A 46 year-old male who was strictly diagnosed as having volvulus of the ileum based on the pre-operative information brought by computed tomography (CT) and helical (spiral) 3-dimensioned computed tomography was surgically treated. The post-operative course was satisfactory and the patient is now under observation without any exacerbation of symptoms one year after surgery.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Factors influencing bowel function after low anterior resection and sigmoid colectomy.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the subjective bowel function after low anterior resection and sigmoid colectomy and to clarify the clinicopathologic factors influencing postoperative bowel habits. METHODOLOGY: Eighty-six patients who underwent low anterior resection and sigmoid colectomy replied to the questionnaire which consisted of 8 categories of bowel symptoms. The patients were divided into 2 groups: good bowel function showing less than half of symptoms (< 4) and poor bowel function showing more than half of symptoms (> or = 4). RESULTS: After low anterior resection, patients were often complicated with incomplete evacuation (75%), bowel movement at night (60%), defecation more than twice a day (46%), and soiling (27%). The mean number of defecation/day and frequency of patients with night stools was significantly higher after low anterior resection than sigmoid colectomy (2.81 vs. 2.18, P < 0.05; and 60% vs. 29%, P < 0.05). Poor bowel function after low anterior resection was frequent in patients with high ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery (82%, P < 0.05), injury to the pelvic autonomic nerve (82%, P < 0.05), and blood transfusion; while poor bowel function after sigmoid colectomy was frequent in patients with resected colon measuring 25 cm or more (81%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that poor bowel function after low anterior resection is associated with high ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery and injury to the pelvic autonomic nerve; while poor bowel function after sigmoid colectomy correlates with length of the resected colon. Less aggressive surgery is needed to preserve good bowel function.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of portosystemic shunt by summation of radioactivity during 201thallium chloride portal scintigraphy in patients with chronic liver disease.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Portal scintigraphy is a useful non-invasive method for the determination of portosystemic shunts in patients with liver cirrhosis. Several procedures have been reported for its execution in clinical practice but most of them failed to show sufficient sensitivity for the diagnosis of portosystemic shunt. In the present study, we evaluated whether summation of radioisotope counts obtained during intrarectal or intraduodenal administration of 201thalium chloride is useful for increasing the diagnostic yield of porto-systemic shunts in patients with chronic liver disease. METHODOLOGY: Seven patients with chronic viral hepatitis and 8 with liver cirrhosis secondary to viral hepatitis were enrolled in this study. Following the conventional protocol, 201thalium chloride was administered per rectum and the 60-second-heart-to-liver uptake (conv-H/L-R) ratio was calculated after 20 min. Continuous measurement of the radioactivity signals during 20 min were also done and the summated heart-to-liver uptake (sum-H/L-R) ratio from the total radioactivity count were calculated. Measurement of the conventional heart-to-liver uptake (conv-H/L-D) ratio and the summated (sum-H/L-D) ratio were also done as described above after the intraduodenal administration of 201thalium chloride by endoscopy. RESULTS: All ratios (conv-H/L-R, conv-H/L-D, sum-H/D-R, sum-H/L-D) were significantly higher in patients with liver cirrhosis than in those with chronic hepatitis. Among all heart/liver ratios, only the sum-H/L-R ratio was significantly different between patients with and without esophageal varices. Serum hyaluronate level and other liver function tests were found to be significantly correlated with all heart-to-liver ratios, but they were more strongly correlated with the sum-H/D-R and sum-H/L-D ratios than with the conv-H/L-R and conv-H/L-D ratios. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed that the heart-to-liver ratio calculated by summation of radioactivity is better than the conventional method for the diagnosis of portosystemic shunt in patients with chronic liver disease.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of portal vein septic thrombosis by infusion of antibiotics and an antifungal agent into portal vein and superior mesenteric artery: a case report.

A 44-year-old man was hospitalized because of right-sided abdominal pain and fever. On admission, he presented spike fever, jaundice, and renal failure. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography showed extensive thrombus in the portal vein. Anaerobic bacteria were identified in arterial and portal blood cultures. Based on these findings, septic thrombosis of the portal vein was diagnosed. Intraportal infusion of antibiotics, urokinase and an antifungal agent, followed by infusion of antimicrobials, urokinase, and heparin into the superior mesenteric artery resulted in marked improvement of symptoms and signs. Diverticulitis of the ascending colon was later found to be the underlying disease. In the follow-up, there were no signs of recurrent disease.

Actinomycetales Infections↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Thermal effects on DNA synthesis in bone marrow cells of patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia.

It has been known that thymidylate synthetase (TS) and thymidine kinase (TK) are DNA-synthesizing enzymes via the de novo and salvage pathways, respectively, in pyrimidine metabolism, and an immunological method using a monoclonal antibody to bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) is useful for the detection of S-phase cells. We investigated the effects of hyperthermia on DNA synthesis in bone marrow cells obtained from patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia. TK isozymes in bone marrow cells of patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia were separated into two types, i.e., fetal type isozyme in cytosolic cell fraction and adult type isozyme in mitochondrial cell fraction. Heating at over 43 degrees C as a hyperthermia markedly suppressed enzyme activity of fetal type TK isozyme and number of S-phase cells labelled with BrdU, but not activities of adult type TK isozyme and TS. These results indicate that hyperthermia may regulate the proliferation of S-phase cells by the suppression of salvage synthesis of DNA.

Bone Marrow↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A non-alcoholic Japanese patient with Wernicke's encephalopathy and Marchiafava-Bignami disease.

In Japan Wernicke's encephalopathy is not rare, but only one case of Marchiafava-Bignami disease has been reported. In our case, Wernicke lesions were found in the mamillary bodies, septal nuclei, and periventricular regions. Involvement of the septal nuclei is rare in this encephalopathy. A characteristic Marchiafava-Bignami lesion was observed only in the anterior part of the corpus callosum. From the clinicopathologic viewpoint, Wernicke's encephalopathy might have preceded Marchiafava-Bignami disease in our case. To our knowledge, only two cases without a history of alcoholism and both suffering from Wernicke's encephalopathy and Marchiafava-Bignami disease have been documented. However, in both cases Wernicke lesions were atypical, since characteristic lesions were absent in the mamillary bodies and in the regions surrounding the third ventricle and the aqueduct. Ours appears to be the first report on a non-alcoholic patient with typical lesions of both diseases.

Alcohol Drinking↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis in rat hematopoiesis.

In an attempt to define a regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis in hematopoietic cells, we investigated the activities of thymidylate synthetase and thymidine kinase, and the cell cycle by flow cytometric DNA analysis and bromodeoxyuridine-immunohistochemistry during the recovery phase of hematopoietic cells in bone marrow after the hypoplastic period induced by cyclophosphamide treatment in rats. The hematopoietic cells first entered into cell cycle via the de novo pathway in pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis, and were secondly proliferated and differentiated via the salvage pathway. S-phase cells associated with a myeloid hematopoiesis increased earlier than those associated with an erythroid hematopoiesis in the recovery phase of in rat bone marrow.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Role of eicosapentaenoic acid in lipid metabolism in the liver, with special reference to experimental fatty liver.

Choline-deficient feed was given to three groups (n = 7 in each) of male Sprague-Dawley rats for 4 weeks to induce the development of fatty liver. In addition, two of the groups received eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 1000 mg/kg/d, administered orally either for all 4 weeks or for only the last 2 weeks of the study, respectively. The third group received the choline-deficient diet but no EPA. The untreated control group (n = 7) received only normal feed. The efficacy of EPA in preventing fatty liver was assessed based on the evaluation of pathologic and biochemical parameters and hepatic blood flow. EPA markedly improved fatty liver, probably due to both direct effects (inhibition of the synthesis of triglyceride in the liver) and indirect effects (increased hepatic blood flow). Decreased blood flow due to sinusoidal block is responsible for the progression of fatty liver. EPA has been shown to decrease thromboxane A2 production and blood viscosity and to enhance red cell deformability. These effects are thought to have contributed to the increases in hepatic blood flow.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Curative local excision for mucosal esophageal carcinoma.

We performed a curative local excision for mucosal esophageal carcinoma through a thoracotomy with the help of intraoperative endoscopy and Lugol's staining. The mucosa and submucosa containing the lesion is completely resected, with neither narrowing nor shortening of the esophagus left remaining.

Carcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Choledochoduodenal fistula: a complication of a penetrated duodenal ulcer.

A 44 year old man who had a 5-year history of recurrent duodenal ulcer with a choledochoduodenal fistula is reported. He showed bulbar stricture and was successfully treated with an truncal vagotomy and distal gastrectomy by Billroth II method, leaving the fistula intact. Choledochoduodenal fistula is an uncommon complication of penetrated peptic duodenal ulcer. Surgical treatment for duodenal ulcer has been recommended. Medical management with the recent anti-ulcer drugs for choledochoduodenal fistula also has been reported to gain good results.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Increased serum CA19-9 in patients with xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis.

We present three cases of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) with an increased serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9). All of the patients were elderly females and had gallstones lodged in the neck of the gallbladder. Preoperative serum CA19-9 levels were 709 U/ml, 87 U/ml, and 400 U/ml, respectively. A cholecystectomy with or without bile duct exploration was performed, and the histological diagnosis of XGC was made. Serum CA19-9 levels fell to normal levels in two patients who recovered uneventfully, but rose again in one patient who died of cholangitis. Clinicians must remember that XGC is a possible cause of increased serum CA19-9 levels.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Round spermatids from prepubertal mouse testis can develop into normal offspring.

We investigated fertilization and embryo development after intracytoplasmic injection of round spermatids collected from mice before puberty. The rates of normal fertilization, blastocyst formation, and development into live offspring were examined. The injection of oocytes with round spermatids from mature or prepubertal males resulted in similar rates of normal fertilization and embryo development. The rates of the development to term of two-cell embryos were also similar, regardless of the origin of the round spermatids injected. This finding suggests that round spermatids from the prepubertal testis already have the ability to fertilize normally and to allow normal embryo development.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Successful conservative treatment for esophageal perforation by a fish bone associated with mediastinitis.

A 74 year-old man presenting with esophageal perforation associated with mediastinitis due to the swallowing of a fish bone is reported herein. Conservative treatment, including starvation therapy and the injection of antibiotic drugs, proved to be successful for this patient. Although the optimal treatment for esophageal perforation remains controversial, it is important to choose the appropriate strategies when treating cases of esophageal perforation with mediastinitis.

Aged↗