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Y Atomi

Publications and source records attributed to Y Atomi.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Effect of high-intensity endurance training on isokinetic muscle power.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of high-intensity endurance training on isokinetic muscle power. Six male students majoring in physical-education participated in high intensity endurance training on a cycle ergometer at 90% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) for 7 weeks. The duration of the daily exercise session was set so that the energy expenditure equalled 42 kJ.kg-1 of lean body mass. Peak knee extension power was measured at six different speeds (30 degrees, 60 degrees, 120 degrees, 180 degrees, 240 degrees, and 300 degrees.s-1) with an isokinetic dynamometer. After training, VO2max increased significantly from mean values of 51.2 ml.kg-1.min-1, SD 6.5 to 56.3 ml.kg-1.min-1, SD 5.3 (P less than 0.05). Isokinetic peak power at the lower test speeds (30 degrees, 60 degrees and 120 degrees.s-1) increased significantly (P less than 0.05). However, no significant differences in muscle peak power were found at the faster velocities of 180 degrees, 240 degrees, and 300 degrees.s-1. The percentage improvement was dependent on the initial muscle peak power of each subject and the training stimulus (intensity of cycle ergometer exercise).

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Characterization of human pancreatic kallikrein.

Human pancreatic kallikrein (H.Panc.K.) was purified from human pancreas by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, affinity chromatographies on p-aminobenzamidine Sepharose 6B and aprotinin aminocellulofine, followed by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200. The final preparation had a specific activity of 9.2 AU/A280 (AU; amidase unit for H-Pro-Phe-Arg-MCA) and its N-terminal sequence coincided with the reported sequence for H.Panc.K.. In HPLC (gel filtration), one symmetrical peak corresponding to a molecular weight of 48,000 was obtained. In SDS-PAGE without 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME), one band corresponding to a molecular weight of 52,000 was obtained, but with 2-ME, 2 bands, 52,000 and 30,000, were obtained. Km value for MCA was 4.9 x 10(-2) mM. Proteinase inhibitor specificities of H.Panc.K. were the same as those of human urinary kallikrein (HUK) and hog pancreatic kallikrein (hog Panc.K.), while anti-HUK antibody inhibited the activities of H.Panc.K. and HUK, but not that of hog Panc.K.. From the analysis of affinity for concanavalin A (Con A) and erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin (E-PHA), the carbohydrate parts of H.Panc.K. are relatively rich in biantennary complex type sugar chains with bisecting GlcNAc compared with those of human salivary kallikrein (H.Saliv.K.) and HUK.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Incorporation of blood lactate and glucose into tissues in rats after short-term strenuous exercise.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the main site of removal of blood lactate and glucose and which is the more important substrate for muscle glycogen resynthesis in rats after short-term strenuous exercise, to exhaustion. Male Wistar rats ran to exhaustion at a speed of 70-100m.min-1. Immediately after the exercise the rats received an injection of [U-14C]lactate (LA, 0.025 microCi.g-1, n = 5) or [U-14C]glucose (GL, 0.015 microCi.g-1, n = 5) into the aorta through an indwelling catheter. The rats were sacrificed after 40 min of recovery. During 40 min of recovery, 20.4% +/- 2.0% (mean +/- SE) of 14C injected was recovered as 14CO2 in LA, while 4.1% +/- 0.4% of 14C was recovered as 14CO2 in GL. In LA, the content of 14C incorporated per tissue weight in the vastus lateralis was significantly greater than that in the kidney, heart, and blood, while in GL that in the vastus lateralis was significantly greater than in any other tissues measured. The incorporation of 14C-glucose into muscle glycogen (vastus lateralis) was about five times greater than that of 14C-lactate. Data from this study indicate that lactate and glucose are incorporated from the blood into the skeletal muscle which was active during exercise and that blood glucose is a more preferred substrate for muscle glycogen resynthesis in rats after strenuous exercise to exhaustion.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Purification of human pancreatic kallikrein and organ-specificities of human glandular kallikreins].

Human pancreatic kallikrein (H. Panc. K.) was purified from human pancreas by serial liquid chromatographies. The final preparation had a specific activity of 9.2 AU/A280 (AU: amidase unit for H-Pro-Phe-Arg-MCA) and its N-terminal sequence coincided with the reported sequence determined from cloned cDNA analysis. In HPLC (gel filtration), one symmetrical peak corresponding to a molecular weight of 48,000 was obtained. In SDS-PAGE without 2-mercaptoethanol, one band corresponding to a molecular weight of 52,000 was obtained. Protease inhibitor specificities of H. Panc. K. were the same as those of human urinary kallikrein (HUK) and hog pancreatic kallikrein (hog Panc. K.), while anti-HUK rabbit antibody inhibited the activities of H. Panc. K. and HUK, but not that of hog Panc. K. From the analysis of affinity for concanavalin A and erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin, the carbohydrate parts of H. Panc. K. are relatively rich in bi-(or multi-) antennary complex type sugar chains with bisecting GlcNAc compared with those of human salivary kallikrein and HUK. These findings will be a help to clarify the physiological and pathophysiological roles of H. Panc. K. in the pancreas and pancreatic diseases, especially in acute pancreatitis.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1988

The effects of ovarian hormones on glucose and fatty acid oxidation during exercise in female ovariectomized rats.

The effects of ovarian hormones on glucose and fatty acid oxidation during exercise were investigated in adult female ovariectomized rats. Rats subdivided into 3 groups received intraperitoneal injections of hormones or sesame oil for 8 days. Estrogen (E) treated rats received 17-beta estradiol in daily doses of 2 micrograms. Estrogen and progesterone treated rats (EP) received 17-beta estradiol in daily doses of 2 micrograms and 2 mg, respectively. Control rats (S) received sesame oil alone. After an overnight fast, rats ran at the speed of 25 m.min-1 for 60 min. [U-14C]glucose or [1-14C]palmitate was injected into rats at 5 min of exercise and before 10 min of exercise, respectively. Expired 14CO2 was collected using bottomless chamber on a treadmill belt. No significant differences were found in mean blood glucose, lactate and plasma free fatty acid concentrations after the exercise. Until the end of the exercise 34.7 +/- 2.6 (E, n = 5), 40.8 +/- 2.9 (EP, n = 5) and 43.7 +/- 3.5% (S, n = 6) (mean +/- SE) of 14C which was injected as 14C-glucose was recovered as 14CO2. During 60 min of the exercise 27.5 +/- 1.0 (E, n = 7), 19.8 +/- 2.7 (EP, n = 6) and 25.0 +/- 1.9% (S, n = 6) of 14C which was injected as 14C-palmitate was recovered as 14CO2. A significant difference was found in this rate between E and EP (P less than 0.05). It was concluded that estrogen treatment stimulated fatty acid oxidation compared with the estrogen plus progesterone treatment and tended to inhibit glucose oxidation during prolonged exercise.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Lactate, respiratory compensation thresholds, and distance running performance in runners of both sexes.

To examine the possible gender differences in lactate threshold (LT) and respiratory compensation threshold (RCT) and their relations to running performance, ten male and eight female college distance runners performed an incremental running test on the level treadmill. Both groups of runners were matched as closely as possible on the basis of maximal aerobic power relative to lean body mass (VO2.max.LBM-1). LT, determined from an inflection point in blood lactate, was significantly higher in males than in females (49.2 vs 45.5 ml.kg-1 LBM.min-1 P less than 0.05), while RCT, determined from a marked increase in ventilatory equivalent for CO2 (VE.VCO2(-1], was not significantly different between the two groups (51.5 vs 52.3 ml.kg-1 LBM.min-1). No significant difference was observed either in LT or in RCT expressed as %VO2max. RCT and running velocity at RCT were strongly related to the run times of 800 and 1500 m in females and 5000 and 10000 min males (r = -0.76 approximately 0.95; P less than 0.05 approximately 0.001), while it was not the case with VO2max and LT. These results suggest that there are no remarkable gender differences in LT and RCT when compared in relative terms and that RCT is a sensitive parameter for evaluating an endurance performance despite its controversial status.

Body Composition↗
PubMed1988

Oxidation of lactate in rats after short-term strenuous exercise.

Oxidation of lactate and glucose was investigated in rats after short-term strenuous running to exhaustion at a speed of 80-110 m.min-1, lasting about 100 sec. Immediately after the exercise, 4 microCi of [U-14C]lactate (LA and AR) or 9.4 microCi of [U-14C]glucose (GL) was injected into the aorta through an indwelling catheter. In AR, the rats ran at a speed of 25 m.min-1 for 20 min after injection of [U-14C]lactate. Expired gas was collected by a bottomless metabolism chamber while the rats were on the treadmill for 120 min. Blood lactate concentration tended to decrease faster in AR than in LA. Peak evolution of 14CO2 expiration occurred at 12.5 min recovery in LA, 7.5 min of recovery in AR, and 35 min of recovery in GL. Cumulative percent recovery of 14C as 14CO2 was 48.5% +/- 2.8% in LA, 74.0% +/- 2.9% in AR, and 18.6% +/- 1.6% (mean +/- SE) in GL. Significant differences were found in these rates between groups (P less than 0.01). It was suggested that a great deal of lactate was oxidized directly, not after conversion to glucose in rats after short-term strenuous exercise to exhaustion and mild exercise following strenuous exercise (active recovery) enhanced lactate oxidation.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Mucin-hypersecreting carcinoma of the pancreas.

Five cases of prominent, diffuse dilatation of the main pancreatic duct caused by mucin-hypersecreting carcinoma are reported. Adenocarcinoma was noted mainly within one markedly dilated main pancreatic duct. On endoscopic retrograde pancreatograms, dilated main pancreatic ducts with amorphous or well-defined filling defects resulting from mucin (five patients) or tumor (one patient) were noted. The proximal portion of the main pancreatic duct alone was delineated in three cases because of reflux of contrast material as a result of the presence of excessive mucin and a patulous orifice of the papilla of Vater (major duodenal papilla). Diffuse dilatation of the main pancreatic duct was demonstrated or suggested on computed tomographic (CT) and ultrasound scans. Four patients who underwent operations are alive and free from carcinoma (mean, 50 months after diagnosis). Whenever prominent, diffuse dilatation of the main pancreatic duct is encountered on CT or ultrasound scans, endoscopic retrograde pancreatography is mandatory to permit confirmation or ruling out of mucin-hypersecreting carcinoma of the pancreas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Retained surgical sponges: CT and US appearance.

The computed tomographic (CT) and ultrasonographic (US) appearances of retained surgical sponges are described. In each case, the presence of a sponge was confirmed at repeat operation. CT examinations were performed in nine patients. In six cases, a low-density mass was demonstrated; in two cases, a complex mass with areas of both low and medium density was seen. The remaining case was a high-density mass. After intravenous administration of contrast material, dense and prolonged enhancement of the rim of the mass was noted in five of eight cases. Calcification was found in four cases, and spongiform gas in one. US performed in six patients revealed an echogenic area with strong acoustic shadowing in three cases and a complex mass, a hypoechoic mass, and a cystic mass with irregular internal echoes in one case each. Granuloma caused by a retained surgical sponge should be considered as a cause of an abdominal mass in patients with a history of prior abdominal surgery.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1987

Relationship between lactate threshold during running and relative gastrocnemius area.

This study examined the relationship between the work rate at which blood lactate accumulation begins (lactate threshold) during running and relative gastrocnemius area in four different groups. Twenty nonathletic and 11 athletic boys (age 9-12 yr), 15 female adult runners, and 11 male nonathletic students participated in this study. The muscle composition of the leg and thigh were measured by ultrasound. The lactate threshold was assessed in terms of both the absolute work rate (ml.kg-1.min-1) and relative work rate. The relative cross-sectional area of the gastrocnemius to the plantar flexor (relative gastrocnemius area) was significantly negatively related to the absolute and relative lactate threshold in all groups. These results suggest that the relative gastrocnemius area may play an important role in determining the relative and absolute lactate threshold during running.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Daily physical activity levels in preadolescent boys related to VO2max and lactate threshold.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical activity levels in eleven 9-10 year old boys with reference to aerobic power or lactate threshold (LT). Daily physical activity levels were evaluated from a HR monitoring system for 12 h on three different days. VO2max, VO2-HR relationship and LT were determined by the progressive treadmill test. LT was 36.7 +/- 3.1 ml X kg-1 X min-1 and 71.0 +/- 6.6% VO2max. Mean total time of activities with HR above the level corresponding to 60% VO2max (T-60%) and that above LT (T-LT) were 34 +/- 7 and 18 +/- 7 min, respectively. VO2max (ml X kg-1 X min-1) correlated significantly with T-60% (p less than 0.01), while no significant relationship was found with LT in ml X kg-1 X min-1. In conclusion, longer daily physical activities at moderate to higher intensity for preadolescent children seem to increase VO2max rather than LT.

Activities of Daily Living↗