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Biomedical subjects

Y Azuma

Publications and source records attributed to Y Azuma.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

1 alpha,24R-dihydroxyvitamin D3 has an ability comparable to that of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to induce keratinocyte differentiation.

Using cultured normal human keratinocytes, we compared the activities of 1 alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), a biologically active form, in inducing cell differentiation. Treatment with 10(-6) M of 1,24R(OH)2D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 increased the number of involucrin positive cells (differentiated from 6.4% to 24.1% and 25.1%, respectively. These results indicate that 1,24R(OH)2D3 has an ability comparable to that of 1,25(OH)2D3 to induce cell differentiation in human keratinocytes. The clinical effectiveness of 1,24R(OH)2D3 for the treatment of psoriasis may be, in part, related to its direct effect on hyperproliferative keratinocytes.

Calcitriol↗
PubMed1990

[Possible mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory action of polyamines].

Carrageenin paw edema of rats was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by subcutaneous administration of polyamines. The latter had to be administered at least 2 hr before carrageenin challenge to achieve such inhibition. Moreover, inhibition was blocked by the simultaneous injection of actinomycin D. Polyamines also inhibited local bluing reactions to histamine in rats and similarly had to be administered 3 hr previously to achieve inhibition. Polyamines were shown to be glucocorticoid-type anti-inflammatory drugs, and may be glucocorticoids mediators of the synthesis of the postulated vascular permeability inhibitory protein that do not inhibit phospholipase A2 activity. Neutrophil chemotaxis was inhibited by polyamines in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast to the experience with carrageenin paw edema, simultaneous addition to actinomycin D did not block the inhibitory action of polyamines on neutrophil chemotaxis. These results suggest that polyamines possess at least 2 different anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The first is mediated by the synthesis of an anti-inflammatory protein, and the second consist of direct action on leukocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Pharmacokinetics and antimicrobial effect of cefminox in serum and ascitic fluid for experimental purulent peritonitis in mice].

An appropriate choice of antibiotics plays an important role in the treatment of purulent peritonitis. We examined the pharmacokinetics and antimicrobial effect of cefminox (CMNX) on experimental purulent peritonitis made by intraperitoneal injection of E. coli and/or B. fragilis in mice from elimination of bacteria in peripheral blood and ascitic fluid. 1) E. coli in blood and ascitic fluid decreased within one or two hrs after intravenous injection of CMNX or latamoxef (LMOX) in a dose of 25 or 100 mg/kg. The bacteria-elimination effect of CMNX was superior to that of LMOX. 2) Comparing with the effect of LMOX, B. fragilis in ascitic fluid acceleratively decreased in shorter period by the intravenous administration of CMNX. This indicated that peritoneal transfer of CMNX was better than that of LMOX. 3) Clearance of E. coli and B. fragilis from blood was accomplished by single dose (25 mg/kg) intravenous administration of CMNX, whereas it was not by the same dose of LMOX, resulting in LD50 of CMNX and LMOX were 5.0 and 39.3 mg/kg, respectively. Thus, we should select some antibiotics which shows good clearance of the causative organisms from blood and ascitic fluid as well as antimicrobial effect as a therapeutics for acute purulent peritonitis caused by E. coli and/or B. fragilis.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Primary intrasellar microgerminoma detected by magnetic resonance imaging: case report.

A case of primary intrasellar germinoma in a 24-year-old woman is presented. Her initial symptoms were diabetes insipidus and headaches. The neurological examination found no abnormalities, but the endocrinological examination disclosed a deficiency in growth hormone secretion. Her skull x-ray revealed a normal sella turcica, and a computed tomographic scan revealed no abnormal mass in the pituitary fossa, but a slightly enlarged stalk. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a small tumor in the posterior lobe. Transsphenoidal exploration revealed a germinoma in the posterior pituitary lobe. Six cases of primary intrasellar germinoma, including our case, were reviewed. Our case is considered to be the smallest intrasellar germinoma yet reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[A method for the determination of cytosolic aminopeptidase in serum and its usefulness for clinical application. Selection of inhibitors for membrane-bound aminopeptidase and cystyl aminopeptidase].

A method for the determination of cytosolic aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.1; C-AP) in serum was developed. At first, more specific and adequate inhibitor for other serum peptidases, such as membrane-bound aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.2; arylamidase, AA) and cystyl aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.3; CAP) was selected from 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives. The compound, 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (4,7-DMP) is one of the most effective inhibitor for AA and CAP, and it inhibits completely these enzymes at the concentration of less than 0.4 mmol/l. C-AP in serum at an optimum pH of 8.0 in the assay using L-leucine amide (LA) as the substrate had no inhibitory effects at the concentration of more than 0.4 mmol/l of 4,7-DMP. The results with the proposed method correlated with those with a conventional electrophoretic method. The proposed method hence is a specific and easily available assay for C-AP in serum. The further analysis of C-AP using this method would promise the establishment of clinical assessment of the enzyme.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1989

A proposal for a classification system of enuresis based on overnight simultaneous monitoring of electroencephalography and cystometry.

A classification system of enuresis was proposed based on the overnight simultaneous electroencephalographic (EEG) and cystometric (CM) monitoring of 204 cases. The classification types proposed were as follows: (a) Type I (125 cases, 61%). The first bladder contraction (FBC) in CM is noticed on cystometrogram (CMG) during Stage 4 sleep when the bladder is full. An evidence of arousals in EEG appears and EEG changes to a Stage 1 or 2 sleep pattern; however, enuresis occurs without waking. (b) Type IIa (22 cases, 11%). FBC is noticed as in Type I, but no EEG response is observed; enuresis occurs. (c) Type IIb (57 cases, 28%). An uninhibited contraction of the bladder is observed on CMG only during sleep (not on awakening). No change in either FBC or EEG is found, but enuresis occurs. It is expected that new methods of treatment for enuresis will be developed based on this classification system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Determination of branched-chain amino acids and tyrosine in serum of patients with various hepatic diseases, and its clinical usefulness.

We developed an automated enzymatic method for determination of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; valine, isoleucine, leucine) and tyrosine in serum, and applied it to the clinical evaluation of patients with various hepatic diseases. Analytically, the test results were acceptably precise and reproducible, and correlated well with results obtained with an amino acid analyzer. Clinically, we found that a decrease in BCAAs, an increase in tyrosine, and the BCAAs/tyrosine ratio in serum paralleled the severity of hepatic parenchymal damage. We conclude that this enzymatic determination of BCAAs and tyrosine is simple and convenient enough for routine clinical laboratory use, and that the ratio of BCAAs/tyrosine obtained may be a good indicator of the severity of hepatic disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Changes in ribosomal properties during adenylate deprivation in the cells of Kluyveromyces lactis.

In an adenine-requiring mutant strain of the yeast, Kluyveromyces lactis, the intracellular content of ATP is one-third to one-fifth that in a prototrophic wild strain under growing conditions. The quantitative differences becomes rather small in resting stationary-phase cells. Temporary changes in the two-dimensional protein patterns of mutant ribosomes occur when the ATP content is lowest during the transition phase of growth. The transfer of exponentially growing cells to a synthetic complete medium void of adenine induces the same changes in mutant ribosomes within several hours. Identification of ribosomal proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis indicated all changeable proteins (at least five proteins) to belong to 40S ribosomal subunits. The mutant ribosomes prepared from the transition-phase cells have much lower activity (below 60%) for poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis than those in exponentially growing or resting stationary-phase cells. Thus, changes in ribosomal components associated with the differences in ribosome activity in a cell-free system were noted in the adenylate-deprived cells of K. lactis.

Adenine↗
PubMed1988

[Ofloxacin for the treatment of chlamydial urethritis].

The effect of Ofloxacin administered orally 600 mg everyday for 14 days was evaluated in 20 male patients with Chlamydial urethritis, in whom Chlamydia was identified from urethral secretion by immunohistochemical technique using monoclonal primary antibody specific for all known serotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis and psittaci. 19 out of the 20 patients showed an improvement of subjective and/or objective symptoms after the treatment. The Chlamydia reaction turned to negative in 13 patients and to (+/-) in another patient. The overall clinical effect was excellent in 7, good in 6 and poor in 7, showing a effective rate of 65%. No side effects were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A continuous sampling model of the seminal vesicle fluid in rat.

A continuous sampling model of the fluid excreted from the unilateral seminal vesicle was devised in the rat. Each 12 hr change in the volume was measured in 14 sexually mature male rats by use of tubing. If we assume the excretion of a small volume (less than 4 microliters) as the resting level, 3 of 14 rats showed only the resting level. The excretion of a large volume was sometimes observed in the 11 other rats both in daytime and nighttime. This model would be promising for investigations of the seminal vesicles from new aspects.

Animals↗