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Biomedical subjects

Y Edel

Publications and source records attributed to Y Edel.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

[The health of prisoners].

In twenty years, the prison population, from the mother country and the overseas departments, has more than doubled, in spite of reprieve and amnesty decisions. This increase is more a consequence of longer penalties than of a rise in the number of imprisoned people The law no. 94-43, dated january 18th 1994, concerning the prisoners' medical care and welfare is an unprecedented health revolution. It comes in addition to provisions from 1986 and 1987 for the programme "13,000" prisons and those endowed with a regional medical and psychological service (SMPR). The prisoners' health must urgently be dealt with and particularly as regards infectious diseases, vaccination check-up, campaign against drug addiction health and nutrition education and dental care. As soon as incarceration has begun, the exist must be prepared and taken into consideration by the different interveners inside and outside the prison, in order to make sure of an efficient medical follow-up. As the number of intervening medical and social personnel, is increasing in prisons, a coordination inside the their walls as well as on the regional and national levels, would prove useful.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1996

Sweat testing in opioid users with a sweat patch.

For many years, toxicologists have detected the presence of drugs of abuse in biological materials using blood or urine. In recent years, remarkable advances in sensitive analytical techniques have enabled the analysis of drugs in unconventional samples such as sweat. In a study conducted in a detoxification center, sweat patches were applied to 20 known heroin abusers. Subjects wore the patch with minimal discomfort for five days. During the same period, two urine specimens were also collected. Target drugs analyzed either by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) included opiates (heroin, 6-monoacetylmorphine, morphine, codeine), cocaine (cocaine, benzoylecgonine, ecgonine methyl ester), delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, benzodiazepines (nordiazepam, oxazepam), amphetamines (amphetamine, methamphetamine, methylenedioxyamphetamine [MDA], methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA], methylenedioxyethylamphetamine [MDEA]), and buprenorphine. Patches were positive for opiates in 12 cases. Heroin (37-175 ng/patch) and/or 6-acetylmorphine (60-2386 ng/patch) were identified in eight cases, and codeine exposure (67-4018 ng/patch) was determined in four cases. When detected, heroin was always present in lower concentrations than 6-acetylmorphine, which was the major analyte found in sweat. Cocaine (324 ng/patch) and metabolites were found in only one case. delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (4-38 ng/patch) was identified in nine cases. Benzodiazepine concentrations were very low, ranging from 2 to 44 and from 2 to 15 ng/patch for nordiazepam and oxazepam, respectively. MDEA (121 ng/patch) and its metabolite, MDA (22 ng/patch), were detected in one case. Buprenorphine, which was administered as therapy under close medical supervision, was detected in the range 1.3-153.2 ng/patch with no apparent relationship between the daily dose and amount excreted in sweat. All the urine tests were consistent with the sweat findings, but to identify the same drugs it was necessary to test two urine specimens along with only one sweat specimen. It was concluded that sweat testing appears to offer the advantage of being a relatively noninvasive means of obtaining a cumulative estimate of drug exposure over the period of a week. This new technology may find useful applications in the treatment and monitoring of substance abusers, as the patch provides a long-term continuous monitor of drug exposure or noncompliance.

Amphetamines↗
PubMed1995

Characterization of dextromoramide (Palfium) abuse by hair analysis in a denied case.

By providing information on exposure to drugs over time, hair analysis is useful in verifying the history of drug use. In a clinical case, where drug abuse was denied, it was possible to identify dextromoramide in the hair of the subject. After acid hydrolysis of the hair with 0.1 M HCl, in the presence of SKF 525A as an internal standard, the drug was extracted at pH 8.4 with chloroform-isopropanol-n-heptane (50:17:33 v/v) and quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The hair strands were cut into 3 sections of 2.5 cm, corresponding to a growth period of 2 months. Concentrations were 1.09, 1.93 and 1.48 ng/mg from the root to the end, respectively. This is the first report on dextromoramide testing in human hair.

Dextromoramide↗
PubMed1994

Hair analysis for buprenorphine and its dealkylated metabolite by RIA and confirmation by LC/ECD.

Hair samples were obtained from 14 subjects admitted 2 or 3 months previously to a detoxification center. All reported an history of intravenous heroin abuse. After decontamination by two dichloromethane washes, about 50 mg hair were pulverized in a ball mill and incubated at 56 degrees C overnight in 1 mL 0.1 HCl. After neutralization, buprenorphine analyzed by RIA was in the range of 0.01 to 0.47 ng/mg. To confirm buprenorphine, liquid chromatography was used. After neutralization, drugs were extracted with toluene at pH 8.5 during a 3-step extraction procedure. A portion of the reconstituted residue was injected into a Lichrosorb CN column, with a mobile phase of phosphate buffer (pH 4.0)-acetonitrile-1-heptane sulfonic acid-butylamine (85:17:2:0.01, v/v). Detection was achieved by coulometry, and the potential of the electrodes was 0.15 and 0.50 V, respectively. Linear calibration curves were obtained from 0.02 to 2.0 ng/mg with a correlation coefficient r > 0.99 for both drugs. The detection limit for the major metabolite was about 0.01 ng/mg and 0.02 ng/mg for buprenorphine, using a 50 mg hair sample. Recovery (at 0.2 ng/mg) was 54 and 62% for norbuprenorphine and buprenorphine, respectively. Drugs concentrations in hair were in the range 0.02-0.59 and not detected--0.15 ng/mg for buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine, respectively. Results suggest that a dose-response relationship exists between the concentration of buprenorphine in hair and the administered dose.

Adult↗