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Biomedical subjects

Y Kase

Publications and source records attributed to Y Kase.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Measurement of parapharyngeal space using CT images].

Parapharyngeal space can be defined as a potential space surrounded by deglutitional and masticator muscles and their covering, superficial and middle layer of deep cervical fascia. It is easily recognized in images provided by modern scanning devices, such as CT and MRI. Parapharyngeal space has traditionally been divided by styloid process and fascia of tensor veli palatini muscle (nasopharyngeal level) or fascia of stylopharyngeus muscle (oropharyngeal level) into two compartments, prestyloid and postsyloid spaces. The latter is often called as carotid space. Prestyloid portion exclusively contains fat tissue, which yields hypoabsorption area in CT films and high density area in MRI. In most of papers in radiological journals, the term of parapharyngeal space is regarded as its prestyloid portion which is clearly identified. Axial CT images of 144 patients without any naso- or oropharyngeal lesions were analyzed. Two reference levels of nasopharynx were adopted for the study. The upper level passes through the plane of fossa of Rosenmuller, and the lower reference level transects soft palate. The following parameters of the space were measured; Length and width of the whole space, length and width of prestyloid fatty space, and furthermore, width of pre- and poststyloid space, that were divided by a imaginary line parallel to the axis of the whole space (the upper level); Length and width of the whole space, length of base and height of a triangle of the prestyloid part (the lower level). While parapharyngeal space was symmetrical in the upper level, the rate of asymmetry amounted to a fourth in the lower level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Surgical anatomy of the so-called dangerous frontal sinus (Boenninghaus)].

Surgically dangerous type of frontal sinus was first reported by Boenninghaus in 1923. The present study concerns with the types and incidence of the dangerous frontal sinus as investigated by axial scans of HRCT. A total of 286 adult and 33 infant cases was included. The anterior end of the olfactory groove was first classified into three types, i.e., normal type, obliterated type (obliterated by cancellous bone) and dangerous type (with Recessus cristae galli and Torus olfactorius). In the adult, the incidences of these types are, 67.2, 18.5 and 14.3%. In the infant, incidences are 42.4, 51.5 and 6.1%. In the adult, the incidences do not differ in sex and sides. The dangerous type was classified into moderate and severe according to the depth of Recessus cristae galli, those with 1.5-2.9 mm depth are moderate and those over 3.0 mm are severe. The moderate dangerous type was seen in 30 sides and severe in 46 sides. In addition to the depth of Recessus cristae galli, distances from Torus olfactorius to the anterior sinus wall and the frontal skin surface were also included. These distances tend to be larger in male.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[The influence of maxillary sinusitis upon the posterior fatty layer--a CT investigation].

CT values were estimated at the fatty layer in contact with the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus in various condition, i.e., normal, sinusitis, postop. sinus, and mucocele. By the unilateral sinusitis (40 cases), CT values obtained by the affected sides were significantly higher than those of the non-affected normal sides. A single maxillary bone was used for experiments to show that the dense++ materials filing the sinus do not affect the CT values of the fatty layer, thus confirming the above clinical data was real and not artifact. In addition, by the mucocele of the maxillary sinus (9 cases) with negligible inflammatory change in the sinus, the CT values of the fatty layer did not show any remarkable increase such as seen by sinusitis. These data lead us to the impression that the increased density is due to the transmitted effects of maxillary sinusitis through the posterior wall. In postop, sinuses (11 cases) with various postop. periods, CT values were slightly higher than those in normal sinuses, suggesting that the sinus infection was under improvement. The enhancement performed by 14 cases (28 sides) showed increased density of the fatty layer, but the increase was similar in both affected and non-affected sinuses. This suggests that the increased rate of circulation at the fatty layer is not the contributory factor to higher CT values. The results described above, combined with the previous reports concerning the bony changes in sinusitis, will lead to the conclusion that the increased CT values at the fatty layer is caused by the direct engagement of the inflammatory conditions in the sinus cavities.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1987

Piperidine: a microelectrophoretic study in the mammalian brain.

Using unit recording and electrophoretic techniques, the action of piperidine on unit activity of the brain of the rat was studied. Piperidine excited 31%, and inhibited 4% of cortical cells tested. In the hippocampus and caudate nucleus, piperidine excited larger proportions of the cells tested. The actions of piperidine were blocked by tetraethylammonium but not by scopolamine.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1987

[Effects of TJN-101, a lignan compound isolated from Schisandra fruits, on liver fibrosis and on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats with chronic liver injury induced by CCl4].

TJN-101 ((+)-(6S,7S,R-biar)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,2,3,12-tetramethoxy -6,7-dimethyl-10,11-methylenedioxy-6-dibenzo[a,c]cyclooctenol) is one of the lignan compounds isolated from Schisandra fruits. 1) Effect of TJN-101 on liver fibrosis was investigated in rats which were injected with CCl4 (1 ml/kg) subcutaneously twice a week for 12 weeks. TJN-101 was given orally at the dose of 10 or 30 mg/kg/day for 6 or 3 weeks beginning on the 6th or 9th week after the start of CCl4-intoxication, respectively. The elevations of serum transaminase activities and the increase of liver 4-hydroxyproline content were observed depending on the period of CCl4-intoxication. These changes were marked on the 9th and 12th weeks after. In the histopathological study, the degenerative fatty change on the 6th week after and the formation of pseudolobule caused by fibrosis proliferation on the 9th or 12th week after were mainly observed. When rats were treated with TJN-101, the abnormalities in biochemical parameters and the fibrosis proliferation caused by CCl4-intoxication were improved. 2) Chronic liver injury was induced by the treatment with CCl4 (1 ml/kg) subcutaneously twice a week for 10 weeks to investigate the effect of TJN-101 on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. TJN-101, which was given orally at the dose of 10, 30 or 100 mg/kg/day for 6 days from the 1st day after partial hepatectomy, dose-dependently increased the liver regeneration rate and improved the serum BSP retention rate. These results suggest that TJN-101 suppresses the fibrosis proliferation and accelerates both the liver regeneration and the recovery of liver function after partial hepatectomy in chronic liver injury.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

[Effects of gomisin A, a lignan component of Schizandra fruits, on experimental liver injuries and liver microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes].

Effects of oral administration of gomisin A, one of the components isolated from Schizandra fruits, on liver injuries induced by CCl4, d-galactosamine and dl-ethionine and on liver microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme activities were investigated. Gomisin A suppressed the increase of serum transaminase activities and the appearances of histological changes such as degeneration and necrosis of hepatocyte, inflammatory cell infiltration and fatty deposition in each type of liver injury. The repeated administration of gomisin A (30 or 100 mg/kg, p.o., daily for 4 days) induced an apparent increase of liver weight in liver-injured and normal rats. Gomisin A decreased serum triglyceride and lipid contents of the liver in biochemical studies. Increases of microsomal cytochrome b5 and P-450, elevations of NADPH cytochrome C reductase, aminopyrine N-demethylase and 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activities and decrease of 3,4-benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase activity per cytochrome P-450 were observed after the administration of gomisin A. In addition, gomisin A was found to enhance the incorporation of 14C-phenylalanine into liver protein and to shorten the hexobarbital-induced sleeping time. These changes caused by gomisin A were similar to those by phenobarbital. However, gomisin A is distinctly different from phenobarbital in the finding that phenobarbital lessened the survival ratio of CCl4-intoxicated mice, but gomisin A did not. Our observation suggest that gomisin A shows an antihepatotoxic action by oral application and also has hypolipidemic (mainly triglyceridemic) and liver protein synthesis-facilitating actions and that the enlargement of the liver seen with gomisin A is the adaptive hypertrophy which is due to the induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Effects of TJN-101 ((+)-(6s,7s,R-biar)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,2,3,12-tetramethoxy-6,7 -dimethyl-10,11-methylenedioxy-6-dibenzo [a,c] cyclooctenol) on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy, and on regional hepatic blood flow and fine structure of the liver in normal rats].

Effects of TJN-101, one of the components isolated from Schizandra fruits, on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy, and on regional hepatic blood flow and fine structure of the liver were investigated in normal rats. TJN-101, which was administered orally at the doses of 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg/day for 4 days after partial hepatectomy, increased the regeneration rate of the liver and improved the serum retention rate of BSP which had been dose-dependently decreased after the operation. Elevation of serum protein to control levels, elevation of serum LCAT activity, decrease in plasma insulin and increase in plasma glucagon were all dose-dependent responses to TJN-101. The mitotic index on the 5th day after the operation was hardly influenced by TJN-101. Regional hepatic blood flow was increased after intraduodenal administration of TJN-101 (30 and 100 mg/kg). Ultrastructural studies of liver tissue using the transmission electron microscope revealed that TJN-101 stimulated an increase in rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the groups receiving 100 and 300 mg/kg/day. These results suggest that TJN-101 accelerates both the proliferation of hepatocytes and the recovery of liver function after partial hepatectomy and increases hepatic blood flow. It is also thought that the liver enlargement caused by repeated administration of TJN-101 is associated with the proliferation of endoplasmic reticulum.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Pharmacological studies on schizandra fruits. III. Effects of wuweizisu C, a lignan component of schizandra fruits, on experimental liver injuries in rats].

The effects of wuweizisu C, a lignan component of schizandra fruits, on liver injuries induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), d-galactosamine and dl-ethionine were investigated by means of serum-biochemical and histopathological examinations in rats. Pretreatment or combined administration of wuweizisu C dose-dependently reduced the elevation of serum transaminase activity and histological changes such as fatty degeneration, cell necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, etc., which were caused by the single administration of 1 ml/kg, p.o., or the repeated administration of 0.2 ml/kg, s.c., daily for 4 days of CCl4, respectively. The effects of wuweizisu C on the liver injuries induced by a low dose (200 mg/kg, i.p.) and a high dose (400 mg/kg, i.p.) of d-galactosamine were compared with those of uridine. Wuweizisu C significantly lowered the rise of serum transaminase activity after the administration of a low dose of d-galactosamine in the serum-biochemical analysis. A tendency was also shown to inhibit cell necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration caused by both doses of d-galactosamine in the histopathological examination. On the other hand, uridine markedly repaired the serum-biochemical and histopathological changes after the administrations of both doses of d-galactosamine. Also wuweizisu C cured the liver injury by the repeated administration of 150 mg/kg, i.p., daily for 4 days of d-galactosamine. After the repeated administration of 250 mg/kg, s.c., daily for 4 days of ethionine, liver cell atrophy, diffuse fatty degeneration and decrease of serum triglyceride were observed, but not cell necrosis. Wuweizisu C dose-dependently inhibited fatty degeneration and decrease of serum triglyceride. These findings suggest that wuweizisu C can be protective and/or therapeutic on hepatocellular phenomena such as cell necrosis, fatty degeneration, inflammatory cell infiltration, etc., in human hepatitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Pharmacological studies of 1-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-t-butylaminoethanol (HOKU-81), a new bronchodilator. 1st Communication: Bronchodilator and cardiovascular actions.

Bronchodilating action and influence on the cardiovascular system of 1-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-t-butylaminoethanol (HOKU-81), which is one of metabolites of tulobuterol obtained from rat urine, were examined using the isolated tracheae and atria of guinea pigs in vitro and dogs in vivo in comparison with those of the parent drug, i.e., tulobuterol isoprenaline, salbutamol and other reference bronchodilators. HOKU-81 was approximately 8 times more potent than tulobuterol, approximately twice as potent as salbutamol, and approximately as potent as isoprenaline in relaxing effect on the isolated tracheal smooth muscle preparation of guinea pigs. This effect of HOKU-81 seems to be due to direct action on the adrenergic beta-receptor. In anaesthetized dogs, bronchodilating effect of HOKU-81 was much more potent than that of tulobuterol and was approximately as potent as that of salbutamol when administered i.v., and its effect lasted for many hours. When administered orally, the duration of bronchodilating effect of HOKU-81 was almost as long as that of salbutamol. The cardiac stimulating effect of HOKU-81 examined in the isolated guinea pig artia and in anaesthetized dogs was weaker than those of isoprenaline and salbutamol, though stronger than that of tulobuterol. In the present studies in vitro as well as in vivo, the selectivity ratio of HOKU-81 for beta-adrenoceptors in the tracheal smooth muscle vs. those in the right atrial muscle was the largest of all the bronchodilators used.

Acetylcholine↗