Biomedical subjects

Y Kase

Publications and source records attributed to Y Kase.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

[Precision and problems in interpretation of acoustic rhinometry in cases of nasal mass lesion].

Precision and problems in interpretation of results obtained by acoustic rhinometry (AR) in cases of mass lesion in the nasal cavity were evaluated with two models, a simple tubal model and a model based on the cast of a cadaver's nasal cavity (cadaver model), and with a human subject. A simple tubal model of 2 cm inside diameter was used. Spherical claies with volumes of 1, 2, 3, and 3.5 cm3, located at same point in the tube, were measured by AR, and a high correlation was found between the clay volume calculated by AR and the real volume of the clay (r = 0.996). But the peak of decrease on the acoustic curve caused by clay was seen a bit posterior to the point where it was actually located. In the entire segment posterior to the peak on the acoustic curve, the value of the area was shown to be smaller than the value of the control. And the large the volume of clay, the greater the degree of decrease in this segment. In the study using the cadaver model, a pill (0.3 cm3) was put at nine sites in the nasal cavity, and AR was performed in each case. The results were compared with the control curve. The decrease in the area on the acoustic curve corresponding to the site of pill placement was recognized, as in the simple tubal model study, and a decrease in the area in the posterior segment of the acoustic curve was also observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acoustics↗

PubMed1995

[Evaluation of gastric adaptive relaxation in isolated stomach from the guinea-pig].

To evaluate the mechanism of gastric adaptive relaxation (GAR), we designed and established the experimental system for the measurement of GAR in isolated stomach from the guinea-pig by modifying the method of Desai. We also investigated the roles of non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) nerves and endogenous nitric oxide (NO) in GAR by using this system. The rapid increase in the capacity of isolated stomach was observed over a certain pressure as GAR. GAR was abolished by tetrodotoxin (10(-6) M) in the presence of atropine (3 x 10(-6) M) and guanethidine (5 x 10(-6) M). NG-nitro L-arginine (LNNA) (10(-4) M), a NO synthesis inhibitor, also abolished GAR. L-arginine (10(-3) M), a precursor for NO synthesis, reversed LNNA-induced impairment of GAR. Sodium nitroprusside (10(-6)-10(-4) M), a NO-donor, induced the gastric relaxation. These results suggest that GAR is mediated by NANC nerves, possibly via endogenous NO.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMed1994

Intravascular leiomyomatosis with uterine lipoleiomyoma.

A very rare case of uterine lipoleiomyomata with intravascular leiomyoma in a 48-year-old woman is described. Located in the corpus of the uterus, the lipoleiomyomata showed proliferation of leiomyocytes intermingling with mature adipocytes. Intravascular leiomyoma was present in the broad ligament. It exhibited only spindle cells, and was reactive for HHF35 actin, without adipocytes. No continuity was detected between these tumors. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the same portion of the intravascular leiomyoma was positive for S-100 alpha protein, NSE, factor VIII-related antigen, and HHF35 actin. These findings suggest that the leiomyomatous tumor components arise from multipotent undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1994

Posture and nasal patency: evaluation by acoustic rhinometry.

Nasal passage geometry was measured by acoustic rhinometry in 8 healthy medical students (5 males and 3 females, 21-29 years old; mean age 24 years) after 6 min in different postures of head and body. The minimum cross-sectional area (A-min) and volume between the nostril and 7 cm posteriorly were measured on both sides. When changing from sitting to horizontal the total airway dimension (i.e., the sum of A-min for the two sides) decreased by about 16% (Mean +/- SD = 0.19 +/- 0.14 cm2), and when standing up it increased by about 12% (0.14 +/- 0.13 cm2). A-min seemed more sensitive than volume to detecting postural changes. Including the variation between the cavities, the coefficient of variation (CV = SD/Mean) for area was 24.8 +/- 6.7 and for volume 22.4 +/- 6.4 for the 8 subjects. For the total nasal airway passage the corresponding figures were 12.9 +/- 3.9 and 10.9 +/- 5.5. These figures are considerably higher than for subjects measured only in the sitting position under comparable circumstances. In conclusion, our findings indicate a composite response of the nasal cavity mucosa to both systemic (hydrostatic) and local conditions, probably induced by vascular and cutaneous reflexes. These factors must be taken into account in studies of environmental, clinical, and pharmacological conditions.

Acoustics↗

PubMed1994

[Influence of the angle between the nasal cavity axis and nosepiece in acoustic rhinometry].

We evaluated the influence of the angle between the nasal cavity axis and the nosepiece (made with acrylics) in acoustic rhinometry (AR). This study was composed of three experiments. In the first experiment, the influence of angulation on nasal volume was evaluated using a silicone nasal model based on a cast of the nasal cavity of a cadaver. The angle between the nosepiece and the horizontal plane was changed by 10 degrees, 40 degrees or 70 degrees, vertically; the angle between the nosepiece and the sagittal plane was similarly changed horizontally. The nasal volume, obtained as the AR area-distance curve from 6.9-14.1cm, was measured under each condition. While the horizontal change in angle did not significantly influence the result obtained by AR, in the vertical change, the measured value rose as the angle was decreased from 70 degrees to 10 degrees. In the second experiment, an evaluation in healthy subjects (5 males, 4 females, mean age 28.6 years) revealed the same tendency in changing the horizontal angle, whereas vertically a change of 10 degrees produced a significant decrease over that seen with angles of 40 degrees and 70 degrees. This result contradicted that obtained in the model study mentioned above. In studying the effect of changing the vertical angle, the volume of the posterior 5 cm and that of the anterior 2 cm of the nasal cavity was evaluated in the same subjects. The volume of the posterior 5 cm did not differ significantly among angles, while that of the anterior 2 cm showed the same trend as observed with the whole nasal cavity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[The ethmoido-maxillary plate and paranasal sinuses--a study by HRCT].

The ethmoido-maxillary plate is a thin layer of bone separating the maxillary sinus from the ethmoidal cells or sphenoidal sinus. The plate was studied using axial HRCT images obtained from various otological lesions. One hundred forty-one adults were included in this study. The ethmoido-maxillary plate was first classified into four groups of configurations, namely, straight or near-straight, anterior-concave, posterior-concave and ant. and post. concave forms. The incidences of these forms were 55%, 23%, 13%, and 9%, respectively. A symmetrical configuration between the two sides was seen in 50%. The numbers of ethmoidal cells and/or sphenoidal sinus in contact with the plate and their incidences were 2 cells (47%), 3 cells (30%), 1 cell (15%), 4 cells (5%), and 5 cells (1%). The straight form showed lower numbers of cells than the other forms. The sphenoidal sinus and the maxillary sinus were in direct contact with each other at the ethmoido-maxillary plate in 19% of cases.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Evaluation of the effects of nasal decongestants with acoustic rhinometry].

Acoustic rhinometry is a new method of evaluating the geometrical distributions of the cross-section and volume of the nasal cavity. Its characteristics are that of a nontraumatic procedure requiring minimal time for measurements. Eight males (27-39 years old) without nasal lesions were investigated with acoustic rhinometry before and after unilateral administrations of decongestants. Conventional nasal decongestants such as naphazolin nitrate 0.1% (Privina) and tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride 0.1%, as well as prednisolone 0.02% (Cor-tyzine), were used in solutions diluted 10 or 100 times. As to the method of decongestant application, we adopted the head tilt method, in the successive order of backward, lateral (toward the non-application side) tilt and backward. Each position was maintained for 30 seconds. Minimal cross sectional area of the nasal cavity, and nasal volume were evaluated with acoustic rhinometry. After the application of nasal drops, the minimal cross sectional area increased within 10 minutes, followed by a plateau level for one hour. With the application of nasal decongestants, an I-notch, corresponding to the nasal valve, was unchanged, whereas the C-notch, corresponding to the anterior and of the inferior turbinate, often shifted upwards. Thus, the minimal cross sectional area changed from an I-notch to a C-notch location. The volume of the nasal cavity increased within 10 minutes, and maintained a plateau level for one hour which was similar to that of the minimal cross sectional area. Changes in the ratio of the minimal cross sectional area were greater for less diluted solutions. Changes in the ratio of the nasal cavity were similar to those of the minimal cross sectional area.

Acoustics↗

PubMed1994

[Vasoactivity of human nasal mucosa in response to sensory neurotransmitters (a study of nasal geometrical change with acoustic rhinometry)].

Intranasal blood flow is regulated not only by autonomic but also by sensory nervous systems. Sensory neurotransmitters are reported to control resistance vessels. Our investigation of intranasal vasoactivity before and after applying sensory neurotransmitters was conducted using acoustic rhinometry. Acoustic rhinometry is a modern method of evaluating the cross-sectional area and volume of the nasal cavity. Its characteristics are that it is a non-traumatic procedure, minimal time is required for measurements and reliability is high. In the present experiment, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) were used as the sensory neurotransmitters. Six males (26-39 years old), without nasal abnormalities, were examined for one hour with acoustic rhinometry before and after administration of these transmitters. Nose drops of these preparations were introduced into one nasal cavity of each candidates, while in the head tilt position. After application of nose drops, both sides were evaluated with acoustic rhinometry in regard to minimal cross sectional area (MCSA) and nasal volume. Both CGRP and SP decreased the MCSA and volume on the applied side within ten minutes, which was followed by a plateau level for 1 hour. The opposite sides showed no significant change in either MCSA or volume. Changes in the MCSA ratio increased dose-dependently as the concentration of CGRP or SP increased. Changes in the volume ratio decreased when the concentration of SP was increased from 10(-8) to 10(-7) M, while it converted and then rose at 10(-6) M. CGRP has a potent vasodilator effect on vascular smooth muscles. SP also induces relaxation of vascular tone via endothelial cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Radio-opacity of the paranasal sinuses. Conventional views and CT.

In order to examine the reliability of conventional views in predicting the degree of radio-opacity, irrespective of soft tissue or fluid seen in chronic sinusitis in adults, a comparison has been made between the results of evaluations by two routine views (Caldwell's and Waters') and by CT in axial scans. Ninety-seven sides (61 case) were included in the study. The radio-opacity was classified into three groups according to the degree of aeration or radiolucency. The diagnosis of plain films were classified into three categories (matched diagnosis, over-diagnosis, and under-diagnosis) in comparison to the radio-opacity depicted by corresponding CT scans. The incidences of matched diagnosis are, in the order of percentages: maxillary sinus (78.4%), frontal sinus (71.1%), nasofrontal area (66.0%), anterior ethmoidal cells (52.6%), and posterior ethmoidal cells (52.6%). The incidence of over-diagnosis is highest in the posterior ethmoidal cells (52.6%) and lowest in the maxillary sinus (20.6%). The incidence of under-diagnosis is highest in the anterior ethmoidal cells (24.7%) and lowest in the maxillary sinus (1.0%).

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

[Surgical approach to the nasal valve stenosis].

Nasal valve, originally defined by Mink (1903), has changed its concept and is now regarded as slit-like opening between the caudal end of the upper lateral cartilage and the septum. Contrary to Caucasians whose smallest area of the nose lies at the nasal valve, the narrowest part of Japanese nose situates at the area between the anterior portion of the inferior turbinate and the septum. Thus, we have fewer chance to experience patients with stenotic nasal valve. Six patients complaining nasal obstruction resulted from nasal valve stenosis, mainly due to dislocated or collapsed upper lateral cartilage, underwent surgery during the last 2 years and a half. Cases of septal deformity, even it it produced valve stenosis, were excluded in this study. Surgical intervention was directed toward reconstruction of normal anatomic relationships, usually by widening the nasal valve angle and preventing collapsibility. Three underwent open rhinoplasty with gull-wing columellar skin incision, whereas 3 others were operated on via transnostril approach. History of midfacial trauma caused us to choose open rhinoplasty for restoring the function and structure. Immediate postoperative result was excellent in the aspect of appearance and subjective data regardless of surgical approach. Open rhinoplasty provided a splendid long-term result without remarkable complications. On the other hand, 2 cases operated via transnostril approach complained recurrence of stuffy nose.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[The effect of unilateral nasal patency on the contralateral side].

This investigation was designed to verify the possible feed-back mechanism which works to compensate for changes in the nasal volume of one side by the other side. Acoustic rhinometry, with which nasal volume is easily evaluated, was used in this investigation. Acoustic rhinometry was performed at 4 points in time (immediately after, and three, six and nine minutes after, the setting of experimental conditions). This investigation was composed of two studies. In the first study, ten healthy subjects (nine males and one female, 26-49 years of age, mean age 30 years) were evaluated to estimate the effect of decreased unilateral nasal patency upon the other side. In this study, one nasal cavity was occluded with an acryle plug, and the nasal volume of the other side was evaluated by acoustic rhinometry before and after the occlusion. In the second study eight healthy subjects (five males and three females, 24-34 years of age, mean age 29 years) were evaluated to estimate the effect of increased unilateral nasal patency upon the other side. This study covered a period of three days. A small piece of cotton soaked in a vasoconstrictor solution (1/1000 adrenalin or 0.05% naphazolin nitrate) was put in one nasal cavity (the right on the first day, the left on the second day) and the other side was evaluated before and after administration of the solution. On the third day of the control study, a similar piece of cotton soaked in physiological saline solution was put in one nasal cavity, and the other side was evaluated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[An evaluation of nasal patency with acoustic rhinometry--preop. and postop. comparisons].

Changes in nasal patency after nasal surgeries were evaluated with acoustic rhinometry. Fourteen cases (20 sides) were included in the evaluation and the following types of nasal surgery were performed: 2 partial maxillectomies, 11 Caldwell-Luc operations, 4 endonasal ethmoidectomies, 1 endonasal maxillary sinusectomy and 2 septoplasties. The evaluation with acoustic rhinometry was routinely performed on two occasions; the day before and 7-14 days after the surgery. The preop. and postop. results of the evaluations of nasal volume (6.9-14.1 cm by the area-distance curve) and nasal area (averaged areas at 11.0 cm and 13.4 cm by the area-distance curve) were compared. Postop. results in all but one case demonstrated increases in both nasal volume and nasal area, indicating that acoustic rhinometry has practical applications in preop. and postop. evaluations of nasal patency. Three aspects remain to be clarified. The first is the influence of the nasal cycle, which varies considerably at the time of both preop and postop evaluations. The second is the influence of the paranasal sinuses. When the results of cases who had undergone endonasal ethmoidectomy or septoplasty were compared to those who had received partial maxillectomy or Caldwell-Luc operation, the latter showed greater increases in nasal patency, suggesting that the cavities of paranasal sinuses, especially of the maxillary sinus, influence the results of acoustic rhinometry. The third is the size of the anterior entrance of the middle meatus. When the entrance is narrow, the acoustic pulse generated by acoustic rhinometry will not reach up to the paranasal sinuses so that the size of the entrance will again influence the results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acoustics↗

PubMed1993

[Acoustic rhinometry as method for evaluating paranasal sinuses--experimental studies].

The potential application of acoustic rhinometry for evaluating paranasal sinuses was evaluated experimentally. In order to assess the influence of paranasal sinus volume in acoustic rhinometry, three model studies were performed. A tube made of acryle (20 cm in length, 2 cm in diameter) with a side hole was used for the first experiment. In the experiment measuring this tube with acoustic rhinometry, a difference between cases with a side hole (ex. 2 mm in diameter) and these without a side hole was observed. In the former, a more posterior tube position gave rise to an increase in the acoustic curve. In the second experiment, a syringe was was fixed to the side hole of the tube, so as that no leakage of sound wave would occur. A change in the volume of the syringe could be detected by acoustic rhinometry, even with changes as small as 1 ml. In the third experiment, the relationship between the size of the side hole and the volume of the syringe was evaluated. When the volume was less than 20 ml, the value was almost equal to the theoretical value even if the diameter of the side hole was as small as 4 mm. A larger size hole was required when the volume was increased. It was concluded that acoustic rhinometry is of possible value in assessing the paranasal sinuses, if the nasal cavity communicates with the paranasal sinuses via a large opening (e.g. in post-operative cases).

Acoustics↗

PubMed1992

[Comparison of CT and MRI in diagnosis of parapharyngeal tumors].

Recently, the usefulness of CT and MRI in diagnosing parapharyngeal tumors has been established. At the same time, several modalities for these imagings, i.e. plane and enhanced CT, T1, 2 weighted MRI and Gadolinium enhanced MRI, have been developed. We compared the image findings of 12 tumors involving the parapharyngeal space with their operative records. T1 was most suited to diagnosing the sites of origins of tumors because of its superior depiction of the internal carotid artery and parapharyngeal fat. Enhanced CT was also superior in depicting these structures, but in cases where the parapharyngeal fat was diminished, or the parapharyngeal fat had been invaded by malignant tumor, enhanced CT was inferior to T1. The spatial resolution of T2 was poor, T2 was thus not useful in diagnosing the sites of origins of tumors. Because tumor intensity tended to be similar to that of fat in Gadolinium enhanced MRI imaging, Gadolinium was not as useful as T1. In diagnosing the extents of tumors, we examined the depiction of both tumor-fat and tumor-muscle interfaces. With regard to the depiction of the tumor-fat interface, enhanced CT and T1 were most useful. In diagnosing the tumor-muscle interface, Gadolinium enhanced MRI was most suitable. The net result is that MRI is superior to CT.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1992

[On the postoperative mucocele of the maxillary sinus and its simulating cases. A clinical treatise].

The postoperative mucocele of the maxillary sinus typically occurs after 11-15 years after the initial Caldwell-Luc operation with the complaints of swollen and painful cheek. Typical signs and symptoms will be divided into two groups, the one which is associated with expansive lesions and the other with pains along the various branches of the maxillary nerve. In the clinical set-ups, cases with the similar signs and symptoms, and yet lacking definite mucoceles, are often encountered. The present treatise will compare 86 definite cases and 27 simulating cases as to the history, signs and symptoms, various modalities of imaging (CT & MRI), and the possible causes leading to simulating cases. The age at onset, gender, affected side, and period after the initial sinus surgery all showed no differences between the two, i.e., definite and simulating cases. Among signs and symptoms, the definite case showed more of swelling-related matters whereas the simulating case more of pain-related except toothache. The past history of surgeries for the mucoceles on the similar sides to the present lesion is more often seen in the simulating case (64.3%) than in the definite case (18.3%). The findings by imagings in the simulating cases are as follows; obliterated sinus (25.0%), healthy, aerated postop. cavity (35.7%), postop. cavity with mucosal thickening (32.1%), and cyst-like aerated cavity (7.1%). The possible causes leading to the simulating cases are as follows; causes unknown (39.3%), recurrent infection in the postop. cavity (28.6%), dental origin (10.7%), atypical neuralgia (10.7%) and the case shortly after the proceeding sinus surgery (within 12 months, 10.7%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[CT rim effects in various head and neck lesions].

The authors evaluated various head and neck lesions seen from April 1988 through March 1990 both by plain and enhanced CT, examined the incidence of rim effect (or rim enhancement), classified these effects, and discussed underlying mechanisms. Materials consisted of 177 cases including primary tumors (28 benign and 49 malignant cases) and lymphadenopathy associated with malignancy (9 cases, metastatic nodes and malignant lymphomas), inflammatory lesions (20 cases), cystic lesions (12 cases), other lesions (7 cases, jugular thrombosis, carotid atheroma and aural lesions), and 22 cases without abnormal findings. Among the 177 cases, rim effects were observed in 22 cases (12%). These effects were analyzed and classified. The incidences of rim effect according lesion type are as follows; cervical lymphadenopathy associated with malignancy 5/9 (56%), primary tumors 8/77 (10%), inflammatory lesions none, cystic lesions 7/12 (58%), and others 3/7 (43%). The highest incidence was seen with cystic lesions including mucoceles of the paranasal sinuses and cervical cysts. Rim effects were classified as follows; Type 1: cystic pattern, Type 2: parenchymatous pattern, Type 3: vascular pattern and Type 4: others. Type 1 was seen in 15 cases (68%), Type 2 in 3 cases (14%), Type 3 in 3 cases (14%), and Type 4 in 1 case (5%). Type 1 included 6 cystic lesions, 3 malignant lymphadenopathies, 3 benign tumors and others. Type 2 included 2 malignant lymphadenopathies and 1 benign tumor, and Type 3, 2 jugular thromboses and 1 carotid atheroma. There was only one Type 4, a cystic lesion. Of interest is the mode of incidences among cervical lymphadenopathies associated with malignancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cysts↗

PubMed1991

[Isolated medial orbital wall fracture and late fronto-ethmoidal mucocele].

Twenty-one cases of isolated medial orbital wall fractures were reported and CT findings by coronal planes were evaluated as to the effects of fractures upon the ethmoidal cells and nasal meati. Three coronal planes, which respectively contain such structures as Agger nasi, Pars membranacea and superior meatus, were selected for the study. The extent of fracture was evaluated by dividing the medial wall into three equal portions, i.e., superior, middle and inferior. The prolapsed volume was evaluated in three classes of occupying 1/3, 2/3 and 3/3 of the ethmoid. The presence of soft tissue density was recorded at the three surfaces, upper, medial and lower, around the prolapsed orbital content. The extent of the fracture was most often seen in such cases as involving all the three divisions in 41.3%. The prolapsed volume occupying 1/3 was seen in 28, 6%, and 2/3 in 23.8%. The presence of soft tissue density was seen in 38.1% of upper surface, in 36.5% of medial, and 11.1% of lower. Summarizing the total effects of the fractures, the coronal plane containing Pars membranacea was most severely damaged followed by the plane of the superior meatus. Two rare cases of fronto-ethmoidal mucoceles, caused by the traumas of 23 and 14 years before respectively, were also included and reported. The ophthalmological prognosis was favorable in 90.5% of cases by observations extending more than 6 months. Five cases were surgically treated including two cases of mucoceles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[Anatomical study on the sphenoidal sinus and petrous apex cells].

Morphological relation between the sphenoidal sinus and the petrous apex cell was studied using HRCT images obtained by 339 adults and 43 infants. The adults were classified into normal group (without chronic otitis media or its surgery) 237 cases, and otitis group (chronic otitis media or its post. op.), 102 cases. The posterior extent of the sphenoidal sinus was evaluated in reference to the carotid canal, and the petrous apex cells were evaluated by their mode of distribution in the apex. In the normal adults, no evident relation was seen between the posterior extent and the mode of distribution. Although adult normal female showed statistically significant better development of the posterior extent, sinus-cell relation was similar between both sexes. The adult normal group and otitis group behave similarly by sinus-cell relation, i.e., no evident relation, although inhibited mode of distribution was seen by otitis group. When the adult and infant were compared, the sinus-cell relation was similar and the posterior extent suffered underdevelopment by infant. The distance, between the posterior extension of the sphenoidal sinus and the apex cell at the medial-anterior tip of the petrous bone, is between 8-16 mm and the contact of the both separated by thin bony wall (less than 0.5 mm) was seen in 3 adult cases (0.9%). Both the sphenoidal sinus and the petrous apex cells are under genetic influence of variable degree, separate genes seem to be at work, thus effecting no evident relation between the two. Apart from the internal or genetic influence, environmental or outer influence also affects the development of the two, less than the genetic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗