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Biomedical subjects

Y Kido

Publications and source records attributed to Y Kido.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Postoperative hyperbilirubinemia after resection of thoracic esophageal cancer.

The rate of occurrence of postoperative hyperbilirubinemia (PHB) following esophagectomy for thoracic esophageal cancer was 67%, 115/171 cases, which was significantly higher than those following total gastrectomy (28%, 40/144 cases) and colectomy (12%, 7/59 cases). Among the operative procedures, right thoracotomy with extensive lymphoadenectomy had the highest rate of PHB (87%), perhaps due to the longest operation time and the largest intraoperative blood loss. Preoperative risk factors were glucose intolerance, reduced lymphocyte count, and poor nutritional state. The change in bile acid composition, as well as the elevation of alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, indicated the presence of postoperative cholestasis which was relevant to total parenteral nutrition. The results suggest that the development of PHB was related to the extent of surgery and the use of parenteral nutrition.

Blood Loss, Surgical↗
PubMed1990

Comparative effect of intravenously or intragastrically administered glutamine on small intestinal function of the rat.

Effect of glutamine supplementation to parenteral nutrition on small intestinal function was evaluated in malnourished rats as well as normal rats. Animals were administered the solution supplemented with glutamine at 20% of total amino acids either intravenously or intragastrically for seven days. Intragastrically fed rats gained more weight than parenterally fed rats. In malnourished rats, whose small intestinal weight was decreased to 60% by feeding protein-free diet for four weeks or by fasting for seven days, small intestinal weight was further decreased by intravenous infusion but was maintained at the pre-infusion level by intragastric infusion. The intragastric administration of glutamine increased small intestinal weight and mucosal brush border enzyme activities of sucrase, leucine aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase, showing the beneficial effect of intragastrically administered glutamine to maintain small intestinal function. In parenteral nutrition, however, it seems that more than 20% supplementation of glutamine relative to total amino acids might be necessary to mitigate intestinal atrophy.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[A case of lung metastases of bladder cancer in which thoracotomy was performed following M-VAC therapy].

A case of lung metastases of bladder cancer in which thoracotomy was performed following M-VAC is presented. A fifty-nine-year-old man underwent radical cystectomy and ileal conduit diversion for bladder cancer. Pathological diagnosis was TCC greater than AC much greater than SCC. After nine months, he was admitted because of lung metastases. Three courses of M-VAC therapy brought partial remission. A thoracotomy was performed on residual lung metastasis. Pathological diagnosis was AC much greater than TCC greater than SCC. Because M-VAC therapy has limited antitumor activity against mixed histological bladder cancer, we recommend not only M-VAC therapy but also surgical resection for the metastatic tumor the primary site of which has nontransitional components.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Decreased activation of carcinogens in the liver of carcinogen-resistant rats.

We have developed a new strain of rats (resistant rat) which exhibit resistance against the carcinogenic action of several carcinogenic compounds. In the present study, we compared the ability of resistant rat liver to activate 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene and 2-acetylaminofluorene to highly reactive metabolites, which can covalently bind to DNA, with that of carcinogen-sensitive parent strain rats (sensitive rat), using in vitro DNA binding assay. The covalent binding of these carcinogens to calf thymus DNA, catalyzed by the hepatic 9000 x g supernatant fraction from resistant rats pretreated with 3-methylcholanthrene, was about one-half of that catalyzed by the 9000 x g supernatant from sensitive rats which had received the same treatment. These results suggest that the ability of resistant rat liver to activate the carcinogens decreases compared to sensitive rat liver. Further experiments revealed that this decreased activation of the carcinogens in resistant rat livers is due to a low inducibility of 3-methylcholanthrene-inducible forms of cytochrome P-450 mRNA. The hepatic cytosolic Ah receptor concentrations in resistant rats were shown to be significantly lower than those of sensitive rats. Scatchard plot analysis demonstrated, however, that there is no significant difference between the affinity of Ah receptors for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in these two strains. These data implicate that the hepatic Ah receptor level may be an important factor in determining carcinogen sensitivity in rats.

2-Acetylaminofluorene↗
PubMed1989

5-Fluorouracil and UFT-sensitive gastric carcinoma has a high level of thymidylate synthase.

The authors examined the relationship between the level of thymidylate synthase (TS) and the sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and UFT, a combined oral preparation of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (tegafur) and uracil in a molar ratio of 1:4. For the studies we used the subrenal capsule (SRC) assay and 15 human gastric cancer tissues. The TS levels were assayed by the ligand-binding technique, using [6-3H]FdUMP. The relative variation of tumor size (delta TuS/TuS0) was calculated to be as follows: delta TuS/TuS0 = [(TuS6 - TuS0)/TuS0] x 100 (%), where TuS6 was the tumor size on day 6 and TuS0 on day 0. The chemosensitivity was considered to be positive when delta TuS/TuS0 in the treated group decreased to below -10%. Decrease in tumor size was marked in case of exposure to UFT (-19.8 +/- 13.0%) (mean +/- standard deviation), compared with that to 5-FU (-9.0 +/- 7.2%), with a statistically significant difference (P less than 0.001). The TS level varied from 1.7 to 30.8 pmol/g gastric cancer tissue and the mean was 7.1 +/- 7.2 pmol/g tissue. A correlation was noted between the TS level and decrease in size of the tumor exposed to 5-FU (r = -0.671) or UFT (r = -0.758): gastric cancer tissue with higher level of TS is more sensitive to 5-FU and UFT than is that with a lower TS level. These findings show that the sensitivity to 5-FU and UFT of gastric cancer tissue is related to the TS level and that UFT shows promise for the treatment of patients with gastric cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis is more extensive in poorly differentiated than in well-differentiated human gastric carcinoma.

In tissues obtained from patients undergoing gastrectomy, the activities of 12 enzymes involved in pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis: cytidine triphosphate (CTP) synthetase, deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP) deaminase, thymidine monophosphate (dTMP) kinase, uridine (Urd), deoxycytidine (dCyd) and thymidine (dThd) kinases, Urd, deoxyuridine (dUrd) and dThd phosphorylases, cytidine (Cyd) and dCyd deaminases, and DNA polymerase were examined in the eight-well-differentiated and 12 poorly differentiated gastric cancer tissues and the ten normal tissues. These cases were clinically advanced and serosal invasions were evident. Activities of these enzymes were higher in the poorly differentiated tissues than the well differentiated type and in the normal tissues. Significant differences were noted between the poorly differentiated and well-differentiated types, in dTMP kinase (P less than 0.02), dThd kinase (P less than 0.05), dThd phosphorylase (P less than 0.01), and DNA polymerase (P less than 0.05). The authors' findings show that the level of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis, in both de novo and salvage pathways, is higher in the poorly differentiated gastric cancer tissues than in the well-differentiated type and suggest that antitumor drugs have an increased susceptibility in cases of poorly differentiated gastric carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Sarcoma-180 cells are more sensitive to heat than are mouse normal tissues: esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, spleen, and kidney.

Sensitivity of various mouse tissues to heat was determined using mouse sarcoma-180 (S-180) cells and normal tissues: esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, spleen, and kidney. The in vitro succinate dehydrogenase inhibition (SDI) test was used. The succinate dehydrogenase (SD) activity of tissue fragments was assayed, following exposure to a temperature of 43 degrees C (heat treatment) or 37 degrees C (control) for 1, 2, 5, or 10 hr. The sensitivity to heat treatment was estimated by the percentage of SD activity of the heat-treated cells, compared to that of the control cells. The decrease in SD activity following exposure to heat varied with the tissue. The SD activity decreased to a greater extent in the S-180 cells than in the normal tissues. In the normal tissues, the order of sensitivity to heat was stomach, spleen, large intestine, small intestine, esophagus, kidney and liver. These results show that hyperthermia is tissue selective, hence heat treatment of a malignant lesion should be carefully designed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The effect of fructose on the cellular content of adenine nucleotides in the perfused rat liver.

In order to evaluate the validity of using fructose in total parenteral nutrition, the mechanism of the resultant decrease in hepatic ATP content on fructose loading was examined using perfused rat livers. The ATP content of the livers perfused with fructose at a concentration of 2 mM or less, was about 2.8 mumol/g liver. Perfusion with 3 mM and 5 mM fructose decreased the ATP level to 1.65 and 1.50 mumol/g liver, respectively. Transient suppression of respiration occurred after the liver was perfused with fructose at a concentration of 3 mM or more, but not after 2 mM or less. Perfusion of the liver with fructose caused an accumulation of fructose 1-phosphate and a decrease in Pi. At higher concentrations of fructose, the accumulation of fructose 1-phosphate and the depletion of Pi were greater. The Pi depletion, caused by the accumulation of fructose 1-phosphate, suppressed O2 consumption and subsequently decreased the hepatic ATP content. A stoichiometric relationship was found between the total loss of adenine nucleotides in the liver and the amount of purine catabolites in the perfusate. After the administration of fructose at a concentration of 2 mM or less, however, the amount of remaining intracellular Pi was sufficient to maintain respiration and no decrease in the hepatic ATP content was observed.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1989

The rate of lipid oxidation in septic rat models.

In order to examine the rate of lipid oxidation in sepsis, lipid infusion studies were carried out using two experimental models of septic rats, namely; an endotoxin group, and a cecum ligation and puncture group. Following the administration of glucose at a caloric amount equivalent to the measured resting energy expenditure (REE), the respiratory quotient (RG) values dropped promptly in the control group, but decreased only slightly in the septic groups. Following the administration of a lower dose of glucose (0.5 kcal/100 g B.W./hr), however, a lipid infusion promptly decreased the value of RQ in the septic groups. These results suggest that lipid oxidation was depressed in the septic groups and that the degree of depression was greatly influenced by the relationship between REE and the amount of administered glucose.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Injection and sampling methods for drug residue study in calf muscle.

Eight calves, weighing 50-150 kg, were given intramuscularly 5 ml of ampicillin (ABPC) aqueous suspensions (200 mg potency/ml) in their right and left gluteal and femoral regions. All calves were sacrificed one hour later to confirm the location of injected drug. The drug was found in a muscle layer when injected with a needle 15 mm long to the following positions, 1. the midpoint between the central position of the gluteal region (CG) and the tuber coxae (M-CTc), 2. the midpoint between CG and the tuber ossis ischii (M-CTo), 3. the central position of M. semimembranaceus in the femoral region (CF). Seven calves, weighing 130-150 kg, were given intramuscularly 5 ml of ABPC suspensions at M-CTo and CF and sacrificed one hour (4 calves) and 3 days (3 calves) later. ABPC diffused along the long axis of the muscle fibers but not to the radial direction. ABPC was detected only in the injected muscle layer even after 3 days indicating that the drug did not diffuse to the neighboring muscles. In the injected muscle layer, concentration of ABPC was remarkably different from part to part. From these results, sampling of the injected muscle for the drug residue study was proposed as follows: 1. isolate about 100 g of muscle just under the stick point marked on the skin considering the direction of drug diffusion, and 2. isolate separately about 200 g of the surrounding muscle to confirm if the sampling is appropriate.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical analysis of post-operative hyperbilirubinemia following resection of esophageal cancer (Part II). The influences of extensive lymphatic dissection].

The incidence of postoperative hyperbilirubinemia (PHB) in 30 cases of resected esophageal cancer with extensive lymphatic dissection was 87% (26 cases) since 1986. Patients with higher bilirubin (bil.) level (group A: bil. greater than or equal to 3.5) composed of 77% (23 cases). Both rates were significantly higher than that of PHB (59%) and that of group A (29%), respectively, in 1979-1985 when extensive lymphatic dissection had not been performed. Patients with PHB had lower nutritional index and underwent longer postoperative mechanical ventilation in comparison to patients with normal bil. levels. Addition of cholecystectomy or cholecystostomy to esophagectomy could not reduce the incidence of PHB. Plasma endotoxin was measured postoperatively in 9 cases, 6 of which showed positive reaction. PHB was developed in 5 of 6 cases with positive plasma endotoxin. Though PHB was accompanied by cholestasis, leukocytosis and positive plasma endotoxin, clear septic foci could not be identified. Therefore, infection with occult septic foci caused by excessive surgical stress may be the cause of endotoxemia and contributing to PHB.

Cholecystectomy↗
PubMed1988

Studies on the energy expenditure following surgical stress--(I. The effects of the severity of stress and the administration of nutrients).

Energy expenditure was studied in male Donryu rats, following two types of surgical stress, namely, laparotomy and burns. The rats with burns were subsequently fasted for 6 hours, by which time the resting metabolic expenditure (RME) became significantly decreased (84.3 +/- 9.5 per cent), as when compared to the pre-burn value (100 per cent), then increased 24 hours after the burn (132.9 +/- 10.1 per cent). The RME in burned rats receiving an intravenous infusion of electrolyte fluid, slightly increased 6 hours after the burn (109.0 +/- 15.8 per cent) and was almost identical to the RME in rats fed ad libitum for 24 hours after the burn. Rats with burns, that were given intravenous infusions of electrolytes and nutrients (TPN) already had a high RME value (134.6 +/- 7.0 per cent) 6 hours after the burn. In laparotomized rats fed ad libitum, no obvious changes in energy expenditure were observed 6 hours or 24 hours after the laparotomy, however, rats receiving TPN showed a moderately increased RME 6 hours after the laparotomy (113.9 +/- 3.4 per cent, p less than 0.05) which returned to the pre-stress level 24 hours post-operatively. These results confirmed that a phase of decreased RME (ebb phase), followed by a phase of increased RME were clearly observed after severe surgical stress, which indicated that appropriate treatments could shorten or extinguish the ebb phase.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Studies on the energy expenditure following surgical stress (II. The correlation between energy expenditure and hormonal changes).

The correlation between energy expenditure and hormonal changes following surgical stress was studied using rats. Blood concentrations of catecholamine, insulin, corticosterone, glucagon, T3, and T4 were compared between the rats (IIa and IIb) in the ebb phase and those (III and IV) in the flow phase, 6 hours after being inflicted with a burn. Noradrenaline was higher, though not significantly, and glucagon was significantly higher in the latter groups than in the former groups. When glucagon was administered to the rats in the ebb phase, RME increased significantly. From these results, it is suggested that glucagon plays an important role in the transition from ebb phase to flow phase.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of culture supernatant of MT-2 cells on human immunodeficiency virus-producing cells, MOLT-4/HIVHTLV-IIIB cells.

The effect of culture supernatant of MT-2 cells on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-producing cells, MOLT-4/HIVHTLV-IIIB cells, was examined. As compared to the effect on MOLT-4 cells, parent cells not infected with HIV, a selective cytotoxic/cytostatic effect on MOLT-4/HIVHTLV-IIIB cells was observed 4 days after treatment with up to 640-fold-diluted MT-2 supernatant. Furthermore, under similar conditions, a 2- to 6-fold increase in the number of HIV particles was detected in the culture of MOLT-4/HIVHTLV-IIIB cells 6 hr after treatment. Complete blocking of these effects by anti-lymphotoxin monoclonal antibody, but not by anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody, indicates that these effects of MT-2 supernatant on MOLT-4/HIVHTLV-IIIB cells are attributable to a lymphotoxin-related cytotoxic factor.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗