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Biomedical subjects

Y Kido

Publications and source records attributed to Y Kido.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

A giant tracheogastric tube fistula caused by a penetrated peptic ulcer after esophageal replacement.

Peptic ulcers may develop in pulled-up gastric tubes used for esophageal replacement and may cause serious complications, such as perforation and hemorrhage, although they occur only rarely. We report a case in which a giant tracheogastric tube fistula was formed by penetration of a peptic ulcer into the trachea after esophageal replacement for esophageal cancer. Another ulcer developed and bled in the proximal cervical gastric tubestomy after the gastric tube diversion. Disturbed blood circulation probably was an etiological factor. Two-stage management of the fistula was advocated to save the patient.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

Antiretroviral activity in a marine red alga: reverse transcriptase inhibition by an aqueous extract of Schizymenia pacifica.

An aqueous extract from the marine red alga, Schizymenia pacifica has been tested in a cell free system for its effect on reverse transcriptase from avian retrovirus (avian myeloblastosis virus), and mammalian retrovirus (Rauscher murine leukemia virus). The extract inhibited reverse transcriptase from both these retroviruses but showed almost no effect, if any, on the activity of cellular DNA polymerase alpha and RNA polymerase II in vitro. Consequently it is unlikely to have an adverse effect on the growth of cultured cell. The inhibitory activity of the extract was stable over a relatively wide pH range (pH 1-11) and was not lost after pronase digestion. Inhibitory activity of the extract was lost after boiling at 100 degrees C in 0.67 N HCl, and after treatment with 100 mM NaIO4. The active principle in the extract has an apparent molecular weight in excess of 100,000 daltons. This new reverse transcriptase inhibitor is probably a polysaccharide.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1987

An important role of silent aspiration of gastric contents as a cause of pulmonary complications following surgery for esophageal cancer.

The progress of postoperative chest X-ray films was analyzed in patients who had undergone radical surgery for esophageal cancer at the second Department of Surgery, Osaka University Medical School from 1969 to 1981. We subsequently reached a conclusion that abnormal shadows were caused by the intratracheal aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions or gastric contents. In particular, the aspiration of gastric contents was considered to be a factor in the occurrence and aggravation of pneumonia. In order to prevent aspiration of gastric contents, a drainage tube was inserted into the stomach as a reconstructive organ and endotracheal intubation was maintained for more than 24 hours post-operatively in order to suction the tracheobronchial secretion. Consequently, the frequency of occurrence and the aggravation of pneumonia decreased and the operative mortality rate improved significantly.

Drainage↗
PubMed1987

Purification and characterization of an avian myeloblastosis and human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase inhibitor, sulfated polysaccharides extracted from sea algae.

A new reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor was extracted and purified from the red alga Schizymenia pacifica. The chromatographic behavior and chemical properties of this sea algal extract (SAE) suggest that it is a sulfated polysaccharide having a molecular weight of approximately 2,000,000. SAE is composed of galactose (73%), sulfonate (20%), and 3,6-anhydrogalactose (0.65%). SAE is a member of the lambda-carrageenan family, based on its infrared spectrum and products of hydrolysis. SAE selectively inhibited human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RT and replication in vitro. When MT-4 cells were treated with more than 10(4) inhibitory units (IU) of SAE per ml after HIV infection, significant inhibition of viral antigen synthesis was observed. Furthermore, more than 90% of cells were viable in the cultures exposed to 4 X 10(4) to 8 X 10(4) IU of SAE per ml, while almost all the MT-4 cells in the control culture had died by 10 days after HIV infection. The inhibitory effect of SAE on HIV replication was confirmed by plaque reduction assays. The 50% inhibitory dose of SAE was 9.5 x 10(3) IU/ml. Chondroitin sulfate A, dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, keratan polysulfate, and heparin also inhibited the RT of avian myeloblastosis virus. SAE immediately inhibited RT activity when added to an assay mixture after the start of the reaction.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1987

A streptothricin-like antibiotic mixture, A-269A (and A-269A').

A streptothricin-like antibiotic, A-269A (referred to as A-269A hereafter) was isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp., strain No. A-269. In this paper, the characterization of the producer, and the production, isolation, physico-chemical properties and biological properties of A-269A are reported. The structure of the antibiotic was also examined by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and fast atom bombardment mass spectra studies. From the spectroscopic data, A-269A was assumed to be a mixture of antibiotic LL-BL 136 and an isomeric compound in which the carbamoyl group is substituted on C-12' hydroxyl instead of C-10 hydroxyl.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1987

A new anti-human immunodeficiency virus substance, glycyrrhizin sulfate; endowment of glycyrrhizin with reverse transcriptase-inhibitory activity by chemical modification.

Glycyrrhizin sulfate (GLS) was synthesized and investigated for antiviral effect on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro in comparison with the parental anti-HIV compound glycyrrhizin (GL). In MT-4 cells after HIV infection, the virus-induced cytopathic effect and the expression of viral antigens were inhibited by 0.25 mg/ml (0.184 mM) of GLS. Moreover, GLS completely inhibited HIV-induced plaque formation in MT-4 cells at a concentration of 1 mg/ml (736 microM), the 50% inhibitory dose being 0.055 mg/ml (40 microM). GLS was found to be an efficient inhibitor of reverse transcriptase. The effect of GLS was 4 times stronger than that of GL in molar terms.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1987

Sulfation of polysaccharides generates potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus infection and replication in vitro.

The inhibitory effects of several polysaccharides, dextran, xylofuranan, and ribofuranan, and their sulfated counterparts on the infectivity and replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were examined by using an HTLV-I-carrying cell line, MT-4, in vitro. Dextran sulfate (Mw 34 X 10(3], xylofuranan sulfate, and ribofuranan sulfate completely prevented HIV-induced cytopathic effects (CPE) at concentrations greater than 10 micrograms/ml and dextran sulfate (Mw 7 X 10(3] at concentrations greater than 100 micrograms/ml. However, the non-sulfated compounds did not prevent them at any concentration tested. The anti-HIV effect of these polysaccharides was confirmed by measuring HIV-specific antigen expression in infected MT-4 cells. In cocultures with MOLT-4 and MOLT-4/HIVHTLV-IIIB cells, formation of multinucleated cells was completely inhibited in the presence of 100 micrograms/ml of these sulfated compounds. Dextran sulfate showed 20-30% growth inhibition of uninfected MT-4 cells at 1000 micrograms/ml but dextran sulfate, xylofuranan sulfate, and ribofuranan sulfate showed no effect on sulfated polysaccharides efficiently inhibited the reverse transcriptase activity of avian myeloblastosis virus and HIV.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1987

[Clinical analysis of postoperative hyperbilirubinemia following resection of esophageal cancer].

Postoperative hyperbilirubinemia (Bil greater than or equal to 2, II greater than or equal to 15) was observed in 46.9% of 239 cases of esophageal cancer, since 1969. The incidence increased significantly from 31 to 55.9% after introducing total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for pre-postoperative nutritional support. In retrosternal reconstruction it was significantly higher (57.8%) than any other operative procedures. Further investigation was done in recent 128 cases since 1979. Postoperative hyperbilirubinemia was observed in 59%. The incidence was not different among operative procedures. It was significantly higher in esophagectomy than in total gastrectomy (28%) and in colectomy (12%). Lower nutritional states and longer operative time were predictive factors. Patients with higher bilirubin level (group A: greater than or equal to 3,5) had higher incidence of associated complications than patients with lower bilirubin level (group B: 3.5 greater than greater tha or equal to 2) and patients in control (group C: less than 2). Patients with hyperbilirubinemia alone as a postoperative complication were studied in group A and B. Bilirubin level in both groups reached maximum on 6-7th postoperative days (POD) as gamma GTP and ALP increased rapidly after 3rd-4th POD. The second elevation of GOT and GPT, and incidence of leukocytosis were marked in group A. Thus it was conceived that TPN, malnutrition, effects of extensive operation, postoperative cholestatic change, and infection might contribute to postoperative hyperbilirubinemia.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1986

[Study of the ameliorating effects of an enteral nutrient for liver failure on hepatic encephalopathy: effects of SF-1008C on plasma and brain free amino acids, intracerebral amine concentrations and electroencephalogram in portacaval shunted rats with ammonia loading].

The ameliorating effects of an enteral nutrient for liver failure (SF-1008C), which is enriched with branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and includes few aromatic amino acids (AAA), were investigated. The blood ammonia, plasma and brain free amino acids, intracerebral amine concentrations and electroencephalogram were measured in portacaval shunted rats with 10% ammonium acetate (3 ml/kg, i.p.) (PCS) as a model of hepatic encephalopathy. The blood ammonia and plasma free amino acid concentrations in PCS rats were significantly increased in comparison to sham-operated (Sham) rats. Thus, the plasma BCAA/AAA ratio in PCS rats was appreciably reduced. Concomitant with the abnormal plasma amino acid concentrations, the brain free amino acid concentrations in PCS rats were markedly increased in comparison to the Sham rats. Moreover, the intracerebral tryptophan (Trp) and 5-hydroxyindol acetic acid (5-HIAA) concentrations were significantly increased, and the intracerebral dopamine (DA) concentration was significantly decreased in the PCS rats. The intracerebral serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) concentrations were, however, hardly changed. A smaller voltage for the electroencephalogram was used in the PCS rats than in the Sham rats. Abnormal plasma and brain free amino acid concentrations in PCS rats were normalized by oral administration of SF-1008C, and the low voltage electroencephalograms in the PCS rats were suppressed. On the other hand, abnormal plasma and brain free amino acid concentrations in the PCS rats were hardly normalized by oral administration of ED-AC, an elemental diet based on an amino acid composition of egg protein. These results suggest that SF-1008C affects brain free amino acids, intracerebral amine concentrations and electroencephalogram by ameliorating abnormal plasma free amino acid concentrations. Moreover, there is a highly significant correlation between the plasma BCAA/AAA ratio and the brain BCAA/AAA ratio, and this finding suggests that the plasma free amino acid patterns reflect the brain free amino acid patterns.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1986

[Total parenteral nutrition and chemotherapy in cancer patients].

A common problem in cancer patients is a significant degree of malnutrition which disturbs and the accomplishment of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Most patients with advanced cancer who should be treated with intensive chemotherapy are unable to ingest, digest or absorb sufficiently quantities of food and many antineoplastic agents affect the function of the alimentary tract. Therefore, total parenteral nutrition is a suitable method of nutritional support in these patients. The intravenous administration of nutrients can improve and maintain not only the nutritional status, but also the cell-mediated immunity of patients, and an effective or large doses of agents can be given as a result of increased tolerance. These effects are expected to enhance the potential of tumor response to chemotherapy. At the present time, only a few trials such as pulse TPN and amino acid imbalance therapy have been tried, but a specific nutritional regimen based on the altered metabolism in tumor and host should be developed in future.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1986

[Comparison of continuous venous infusion of 5-FU and FT-207 under total parenteral nutrition].

Yoshida sarcoma-bearing rats were continuously infused with 5-FU at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day, and FT-207 at a dose of 40 mg/kg/day, 100 mg/kg/day or 140 mg/kg/day under TPN. After 4 days, rats were sacrificed and the 5-FU and FT-207 concentrations in their organs were measured. The 5-FU level in the tumor was almost the same at when 5-FU was injected at 20 mg/kg/day and FT-207 at 140 mg/kg/day. This 5-FU level in the tumor was twice and four times higher than that of the group injected with FT-207 at 100 mg/kg/day and 40 mg/kg/day. The 5-FU level in the tumor in all four groups was almost twice as high as that in the stomach, intestine and kidney, 7-10 times higher than that in the liver, and 10-30 times higher than that in serum. The FT-207 levels in the alimentary tract, kidney, tumor and serum were almost the same. The conclusion of our preliminary research is that FT-207 is recommended for use in continuous infusion at 7 times the dose of 5-FU when injected under TPN.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Colorimetric determination of carboxypeptidase A activity in serum.

This simple, reproducible colorimetric method for determining the activity of carboxypeptidase A (EC 3.4.17.1) is based on measuring the absorbance at 505 nm of a quinoneimine dye produced from the action of this enzyme on the new substrate p-hydroxybenzoyl-glycyl-L-phenylalanine. The enzyme acts on the substrate to produce p-hydroxybenzoyl-glycine and L-phenylalanine. The former is then hydrolyzed by hippuricase (EC 3.5.1.14) to produce p-hydroxybenzoic acid and glycine. Finally, oxidative coupling of p-hydroxybenzoic acid with 4-aminoantipyrine by sodium periodate forms a quinoneimine dye. The Km for the reaction with this substrate is 3.6 mmol/L; the optimum pH is 7.8. Our within-run and between-run CVs are 4.3% and 6.6%, respectively. The activity of carboxypeptidase A in serum correlates well with that of lipase (r = 0.96) and immunoreactive elastase-1 (r = 0.76).

Amidohydrolases↗