The speciation of copper and zinc in the incineration fly ash of a municipal solid waste in Taiwan was investigated in the present work. By the least-squares fitted X-ray absorption near edge structural (XANES) spectroscopy, we found that CuCO3, CuOH2, and CuO (fractions of 0.09, 0.39 and 0.51, respectively) were the main copper species in the fly ash. Quantitative analysis of the extended X-ray absorption fine structural (EXAFS) spectra indicated that the bond distance of Cu-O in the fly ash was 1.96 A with a coordination number (CN) of 3.9 in the first shell of copper. In the second shell, the bond distance and CN of Cu-(O)-Cu were 2.91 A and 2.7, respectively. In addition, speciation of Zn was also examined in the same X-ray absorption energy (8780-9970 eV). The bond distance of Zn-O and Zn-O-Zn were 1.97 and 2.94 A, respectively. However, the Zn-O-Cu structure was not found because of the physically unreasonable sigma(2) (Debye-Waller factor) values in the EXAFS data fitting process.

Air Pollutants↗

PubMed2001

Chromium speciation in residues after sequential extraction of a thermally treated sludge analog.

XANES fitting indicates that non-Cr2O3 form of Cr(III), transformed from CrO3 by four-hour heat application at 1100 degrees C, is the key species sorbed onto or lattice-diffused into kaolin matrices that exhibits strong leaching resistance to sequential extraction using various combined solutions including HNO3, H2O2, and HF. The EXAFS spectra are all in agreement with the XANES results. It is suggested that some Cr2O3 might have reacted with kaolin to form new compounds such as Cr2O3 x Al2O3 x 2SiO2 to account for the slight dissimilarity between the EXAFS spectra of samples and that of Cr2O3.

Chromates↗

PubMed2001

Study of thermally immobilized Cu in analogue minerals of contaminated soils.

Thermal immobilization of copper contaminants in soil analogue minerals, quartz and kaolin, at low temperatures such as 300 degrees C is studied to corroborate its technical feasibility as a method for soil remediation. We use a synchrotron-based, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) technique to study the speciation of and the local structure around copper in the soil analogues that are thermally treated at 300-900 degrees C for 1 h. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) method is employed to investigate the leaching behavior of copper compounds. CuO, being predominately transformed from Cu(OH)2 with a lesser amount from Cu(NO3)2 by 1-h heat application at 300-900 degrees C, is identified by the spectroscopy of X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) as the key species that is leaching-resistant due to its low solubility and its chemisorption onto the soil analogue minerals. Fourier transform of EXAFS spectrum of the Cu-doped kaolin heated at 900 degrees C for 1 h indicates that the intensity of Cu-Cu peaks (2.50 and 5.48 A, both without phase shift correction) is either relatively smaller or disappearing as compared with that of kaolin samples heated at 300 and 500 degrees C. The EXAFS analysis suggests that the Cu solid phase in the 900 degrees C kaolin sample is different from the lower temperature samples, the 900 degrees C SiO2 sample, and the Cu standards. The leaching studies also support the formation of a less soluble phase in the 900 degrees C kaolin sample. An increase of heating temperature, in the range of 105-900 degrees C, reduces the Cu leaching percentage; this reduction trend is more marked for Cu-doped kaolin than for Cu-doped SiO2.

Copper↗

PubMed2001

[Molecular tagging of a major powdery mildew resistance gene MlG in wheat derived from wild Emmer by using microsatellite marker].

Powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici is one of the most important wheat diseases in many regions of the world. Breeding for resistant cultivars has been proved to be an effective and environmentally safe method to control diseases in wheat production. It is necessary to search for more resistance genes for the diversification of resistance genes in wheat breeding. An Isreali wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides) accession "G-305-M" was found resistant to the prevailing E. graminis f. sp. tritici isolate Race No. 15 in Beijing region. The powdery mildew resistance has been transferred from G-305-M into common wheat by crossing and backcrossing (G-305-M/781//Jing 411* 3). Genetic analysis showed that the resistance was controlled by a single dominant gene at the seedling stage. A segregating BC2F3 family of the cross "G-305-M/781//Jing 411* 3" with 167 plants was chosen for SSR analysis. Totally 96 wheat microsatellite primer pairs were screened, only one primer pair WMS570 could generate polymorphic DNA fragments between the resistant and susceptible plants. After evaluating this polymorphic marker in the segregating population, the microsatellite locus Xgwm570 mapped on chromosome 6AL was found to be linked to the resistance gene, with the estimated genetic distance of 14.9 +/- 3.0 cM. Based on the origin and chromosomal location of the gene, it is suggested that the resistance gene derived from G-305-M should be a novel Pm gene and is temporarily designated MlG.

Chromosome Mapping↗

PubMed2001

[Experimental study on effect of zenggu-I, -II, -III on osteoblast in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Zenggu (ZG)-I, -II and -III on osteoblast (OB) cultured in vitro. METHODS: OB was isolated from calvaria of 22-day-old fetal SD rats by means of modified sequential collagenase digestion and incubated in RM1640 medium and the cell morphology was observed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. Different concentrations of ZG-I, -II and -III were added to the OB and incubated. The effect of ZG on the proliferation and osteogenesis of OB was monitored by MTT analysis, BGP content radioimmunoassay, ALP activity and calcium contents determination. RESULTS: The BGP, ALP, and calcium contents of the cultured OB cells as well as the cell proliferation were higher in ZG-III group than those in the other groups (P < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. It suggested that ZG-III could promote the proliferation and osteogenesis of OB, but ZG-I and ZG-II had insignificant influence on OB cultured in vitro. CONCLUSION: ZG-III could promote the OB proliferation and bone formation, ZG-I, -II, -III sequential therapy could effectively prevent and treat osteoporosis and promote the bone formation.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

[Summary of 5th National Conference of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Experimental Medicine].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

[Experimental study of protective effect of shenmai injection on endotoxin induced systemic inflammatory reaction syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To study the protective effect of Shenmai injection (SMI) on systemic inflammatory reaction syndrome (SIRS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in animal model of SIRS, MODS induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODS: Male BALB/c mice, 5-7 weeks old were randomly divided into 3 groups, the normal control group, the LPS model group and the LPS + SMI group. The rectal temperature, peripheral white blood cell count (WBC), blood biochemical examination, histopathologic changes of lung and liver as well as the blood levels of endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) were determined before and after treatment. RESULTS: LPS could induce endotoxemia and high serum level of TNF alpha, decrease the rectal temperature and WBC, reduce blood glucose and increase serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Pathological examination showed that LPS could cause pulmonary alveolar congestion, edema, exudation, capillary dilation and inflammatory cell infiltration in liver and lung tissue. SMI could significantly raise the low body temperature caused by LPS and reduction of WBC, improve the hypoglycemia and high plasma TNF alpha level, alleviate the pathologic changes in organs and reduce the plasma level of LPS (endotoxin). CONCLUSION: SMI has marked effect in protecting LPS caused SIRS, MODS, the mechanism might be related with the lowering of LPS (endotoxin) level and reducing of TNF alpha secretion.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

[Effect of motherwort herb on the myoelectric activity of uterus in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of motherwort herb on the myoelectric activity of uterus in rats. METHOD: A pair of bipolar Ag-AgCl electrode was implanted on the serosal surface of the uterus in rats, motherwort herb was injected intra-abdominal cavity in rats in dose of 0.1 ml, 0.2 ml and 0.4 ml respectively, and the changes of uterine myoelectric activity were observed. RESULT: Motherwort herb significantly increased the frequency and average amplitude of uterus slow waves of in rats. The frequency and maximum amplitude of single waves also obviously increased. The time course of outbreak waves was prolonged, the series intervals were reduced and the maximum amplitude in each outbreak was increased. CONCLUSION: The exciting effect of motherwort herb on the uterine smooth muscle may have something to do with the alteration of the ion concentration in relation to myoelectric activity, resulting in the increase of myoelectric activity of pacesetter cells as well as in the acceleration of depolarization of spike activity.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

The NIDDK liver transplantation database.

UNLABELLED: The NIDDK Liver Transplantation Database was established to prospectively investigate questions related to the experience of patients evaluated for and undergoing liver transplantation. This article presents the study design, methods, and quality of data collection, along with some of the overall results. METHODS: An initial 4-year planning phase was used to develop data collection instruments and quality control procedures regarding assessment for transplantation, liver donors, and the recipients' pre-, peri- and postoperative course. During the 1990-1995 implementation phase, three clinical centers refined the data collection instruments and enrolled and followed consecutive liver transplant candidates who consented to be included in the protocol. RESULTS: The Database contains more than 49,000 data forms from 1563 candidates, 1002 donors, and 916 transplant recipients followed up to 5 years after transplantation. Overall, 95% of protocol forms were completed. The Database includes uniformly defined histology results of liver biopsies performed per protocol and for complications throughout follow-up. In addition, the Database maintains an inventory of available sera for the Serum Bank. All test results of studies performed on the sera are added to the Database. Of 1563 evaluated patients, 59% were deemed eligible for liver transplantation. Of the others who were too well or had contraindications, 15% became eligible later. Characteristics of patients in this study were generally comparable to those of patients nationally. CONCLUSIONS: The NIDDK Liver Transplantation Database has yielded comprehensive and high quality data and is a rich resource for extensive analysis about many important clinical aspects of liver transplantation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

[A new way for inbred strain mice genetic monitoring and the discovery of sex-linkaging RAPD markers].

We used 21 10 bp random primers to amplify DNA for four colonies of BALB/ c mice, four individuals of C 57 BL mice, and four individuals of Kunming stock mice. The amplified band patterns were different between BALB/c and C 57 BL mice in the products of 13 primers, and 8 primer products showed difference between BALB/c and Kunming stock mice. These results indicated that we can easily distinguish different strains of mice by RAPD method. For the four colonies of BALB/c mice, the genetic background of Chengdu colony. Shanghai colony and Beijing colony were homogeneous at all RAPD markers, however, in Kunming colony, there were two BALB/c individuals were disclosed different amplified patterns by 4 primers, showing that these two Kunming BALB/c mice maybe suffer genetic contamination or mutation some time. An unexpected phenomenon discovered in this study is that sex specific amplification bands were amplified by primer OPG 2, OPE 4, OPE 9 in all male mice. Although an 1.2 kb band were disclosed by both OPG 2 and OPE 4 in male mice, cross RAPD and not hybridization showed that the two bands were not homologous.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Chemical analysis and amino acid content of temperature-sensitive mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y-196 were isolated by using UV irradiation and/or EMS treatment. They grew normally at permissive temperature (30 degrees C), but could not grow at restrictive temperature (38 degrees C). From chemical composition analysis, it was found that ts mutants AMY-159, and AMY-88 had the highest protein and RNA contents, respectively. When the cells were cultivated at 30 degrees C to stationary phase and then shifted to 38 degrees C for 4 hr, protein contents of wild-type and most of the ts mutants increased but RNA contents decreased. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid and lysine were the three major amino acids of protein in all isolates tested at both temperatures. When the ts mutants AMY-136, AMY-161, and AMY-157 were cultured at 38 degrees C for 4 hr, methionine contents increased Amino acid scores of ts mutants AMY-15 and AMY-88 increased when they were shifted to 38 degrees C for 2 to 4 doubling times. The amounts of amino acids produced in some ts mutants were higher than that of wild-type.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1990

[Effect of fluoroquinolones made in China in the treatment of acute bacillary dysentery. A report of 212 cases].

212 cases of acute bacillary dysentery were treated with enoxacin and norfloxacin, another 15 cases were treated by chujunsheng. The cure rate in enoxacin group was 99.1%, in norfloxacin group 98.04% and in chujunsheng group 63.64%. The isolated pathogens were tested for susceptibility with disk diffusion and MIC determination. The results showed that both enoxacin and norfloxacin are better than gentamycin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Side effects of enoxacin group and norfloxacin were noted in are 2.7% and 3.0% of the patients respectively. This study suggests that enoxacin and norfloxacin are highly effective, quite convenient for use and have few adverse reactions. They are considered to be drugs of choice for the treatment of acute bacillary dysentery.

Acute Disease↗