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Biomedical subjects

Y Manabe

Publications and source records attributed to Y Manabe.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

A study of a female with congenital sideroblastic anemia.

A female infant with congenital refractory sideroblastic anemia is described. A marked reduction of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthetase activity of erythroblasts was noticed with and without treatment of pyridoxal phosphate. Mitochondrial neutral protease activity of erythroblasts, which inactivates specifically the apo form of ALA synthetase, was normal and the sensitivity of apo form of ALA synthetase to the neutral protease was also normal. It was speculated that the reduction of ALA synthetase activity is not due to the high speed of destruction, but rather due to the impairment in production of ALA synthetase, which could explain the unresponsiveness to pyridoxine therapy in this case.

5-Aminolevulinate Synthetase↗
PubMed1982

Nelaton catheter in non-gravidas for a safe and gradual cervical softening and dilatation: a possible involvement of prostaglandins.

A short Nelaton catheter (No. 7 or 8; diameter: 4.5 or 5 mm) was inserted for 24 hours in the uterine cervix in 89 non-gravidas, including 67 nulliparas. Patients were distributed in four groups depending on the purpose of cervical dilatation: I.U.D. insertion (n = 16), diagnostic curettage (n = 37), hysteroscopy (n = 12), and insertion of radiation applicator in uterine cancer (n = 24). Comparative studies with a smaller number of patients (n = 18) were also performed with a laminaria tent prior to study of the Nelaton catheter. In both the Nelaton and laminaria groups, significant cervical softening and dilatation of the cervix was attained in all cases. After treatment, a Hegar dilator No. 6 to 10 (diameter: 6.5 to 8.8 mm) could be inserted easily without resistance and without the necessity for anesthesia in either group. In the Nelaton catheter group, the tigher the catheter in the cervical canal upon insertion, the higher was the efficiency. The overall efficiency of the Nelaton catheter did not differ significantly from that of laminaria. The Nelaton catheter had several advantages over that of laminaria. No serious side-effects were encountered during the use of the Nelaton catheter compared with laminaria. This simple device proved to be useful as a convenient clinical instrument, particularly in the field of fertility control and for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes of intra-uterine abnormalities. The possible involvement of prostaglandins in the mechanism of action of the catheters is discussed.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1982

F prostaglandin levels in amniotic fluid during balloon-induced cervical softening and labor at term.

Mechanical stretching of the uterus was applied to seven term patients not in labor with unripe cervix by means of intra-uterine application of a rubber balloon. Significant cervical softening, and initiation and progress of labor was achieved in all cases. Serial analyses of the F prostaglandins (PGF) in amniotic fluid were performed before and at given intervals of cervical dilatation. Before the application of stretch, the levels of PGF varied greatly: the values in 5 cases were measureable but low (less than 645 pg/ml) and in two cases the levels were below the sensitivity of the assay (less than 50 pg/ml). Large fluctuations of the levels were noted in many cases during the treatment. However, the rise of the PGF values was significant with the progress of cervical dilatation compared to the pre-treatment values (P less than 0.05 at both 3-4 and 5-6 cm, and P less than 0.01 at 9-10 cm). It was concluded that the increased release of PGF in amniotic fluid is mediated by uterine stretching, and that upon being released PGF is probably involved in the cervical softening an progress of labor.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1982

Biotransformation of 1-nitropyrene in intestinal anaerobic bacteria.

Mutagenic nitroaromatic compounds have recently been found in photocopies, urban atmosphere, automobile exhaust and wastewater. 1-Nitropyrene (1-NP) is readily formed when pyrene, ubiquitous in the environment, is exposed to nitrogen dioxide in the urban atmosphere or in automobile exhaust, and is highly mutagenic, inducing 449 his+ revertants/plate/nmol from Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98 in the absence of S9 fraction in the Salmonella-microsome test. It is possible to swallow sputum or some food containing 1-NP and it would come into contact with the normal bacterial flora. We determined the 1-NP nitroreductase activity in environmental and laboratory bacterial strains. We found that the mutagenicity of 1-NP mixed with the feces of a healthy man or a culture of anaerobic bacteria was decreased. The product proved to be 1-aminopyrene (1-AP), based on its fluorescence spectrum, its mass spectrum, and its characteristic thin layer chromatographic and high performance liquid chromatographic patterns. The 1-NP nitroreductase activity of aerobic bacteria was low, but crude extracts from the anaerobic bacteria, i.e., Bacteroides fragilis, B. thetaiotaomicron, B. vulgatus, Fusobacterium mortiferum, F. nucleatum, Clostridium perfringens, C. sporogenes, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, B. bifidum, Eubacterium lentum, E. limosum, and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, all easily converted 1-NP to 1-AP and proportionally decreased the mutagenic activity of 1-NP.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Uterine activity and placental histology in abortion at mid-trimester by rivanol and catheter.

Artificial abortions were performed on 7 patients during mid-pregnancy by intra-uterine instillation of 0.1% rivanol and catheters. The changes in uterine contractility during the treatment were monitored continuously by intra-amniotic pressure recording. Uterine activity developed a gradual but steady increase and abortion was completed within 22 to 47 hours. A significant increase in uterine contractility started after a lag of several hours. Neither hypertonus nor hyperactivity was noted during the treatment. The fetus was delivered unaffected in all cases. The placentas delivered showed normal histological integrity, and an autoradiographic study established the viability of trophoblasts. These results suggest that the abortive effect of rivanol and catheter on the uterus and placenta is different from that induced by other chemicals.

Abortifacient Agents↗
PubMed1981

Nelaton catheter versus laminaria for a safe and gradual cervical dilatation.

During the first trimester of abortion, the Nelaton catheter can be used for the gradual, safe softening and dilatation of the cervix, just as the laminaria. Based on the results obtained from more than 1000 cases, we reached the conclusion that the effectiveness of cervical softening by the Nelaton catheter is almost equal to the laminaria and its efficiency in the dilatation of the cervix is similar or slightly inferior to the laminaria. In addition, this simple device had less risks when compared to those associated with laminaria. Therefore, the Nelaton catheter appears to be as effective as the laminaria for a safe and gradual cervical dilatation.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1981

Abortion during mid-pregnancy by rivanol-catheter supplemented with PGF2 alpha drip-infusion or quinine hydrocholoride.

Abortion during mid-pregnancy was performed in 200 patients by extra-amniotic insertion of Nelaton catheters and instillation of 0.1% rivanol solution. To shorten the abortion time, quinine hydrochloride was given orally in one group (n=100), and intravenous infusion of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) was undertaken in the other group (n=100). The abortion rate after 72 hours was higher in the PGF2 alpha group (96%) than that in the quinine group (91%), but the difference was not statistically significant. The abortion time was significantly shorter in the PGF2 alpha group than in the quinine group (p less than 0.01). This method, together with supplementary treatment with oxytocic substances, proved to be an effective mid-pregnancy abortion method. The risks of endometritis, gastro-intestinal complications, and/or heavy bleeding either during or post-abortive were minimal.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1981

Plasma concentrations of oestrone, oestradiol, oestriol and progesterone during mechanical stretch-induced abortion at mid-trimester.

Plasma levels of unconjugated oestrone, oestradiol, oestriol and progesterone were serially studied in six uncomplicated patients in the mid-trimester of pregnancy before and during abortion induced by purely mechanical stretching of the uterus by laminaria and rubber balloon. Variability of these hormonal levels among patients was significant before the treatment. In four cases where the fetus was aborted alive, the plasma value of these hormones remained at a high level during the treatment with the exception of oestriol level in one case. In two early mid-trimester cases the fetus died during the treatment and plasma oestriol dropped significantly, while the level of the other hormones remained raised until fetal delivery. In these two cases the apparent onset of labour was noted before fetal death. It was concluded that the onset and progress of labour by mechanical stretching of the uterus is probably unrelated to the steroid hormones estimated in the present study.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1981

Abortion at midpregnancy by catheter or catheter-balloon supplemented by intravenous oxytocin and PGF2 alpha.

Abortion during midpregnancy was performed in 80 patients by mechanical stretching of the uterus. In one group (n = 40) two Nelaton catheters and in the other group (n = 40) a Nelaton catheter with a small balloon attached to its end were inserted in the extra-amniotic space. In the latter group the balloon was inflated with 150 or 200 ml of physiologic saline solution. In both groups the patients were subdivided into early (n = 20) and late midterm groups (n = 20). In all cases oxytocin plus prostaglandin F2 alpha drip infusion was given as a supplement. Abortion time was significantly shorter in the catheter-balloon group than that in the catheter group (p less than 0.005), and in the late midterm group than in the early midterm group (p less than 0.01). The risk of endometritis during treatment with chemoprophylaxis was low. X-ray studies revealed that the catheter stimulates various unspecified regions of the uterus, elevates its excitability, and causes regular uterine contractions.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1981

Initiation of uterine contractions by purely mechanical stretching of the uterus at midpregnancy.

Purely mechanical stretching was applied to the uterus in normal midpregnancy by means of two No. 10 Nelaton catheters. Very gradual and steady onset of uterine contractions without hypertonia and hyperactivity were noted in all cases. All patients, in whom all possible afferent nerves of the uterus were blocked by continuous extradural and caudal anesthesia throughout the stretch treatment, also showed similar inauguration of uterine contractions. Uterine activity values indicated no significant difference between the nerve block and the non-nerve block groups (p = 0.68), but these values differed significantly with increasing time after stretching (p less than 0.001). All fetuses were delivered unaffected. The delivered placentas showed normal histologic integrity, and autoradiographic study proved the viability of the trophoblasts. It was concluded that the nerve and fetoplacental functions are probably not involved in the initiation of labor in this method.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1977

Isomers of erythro-5-(1-hydroxy-2-isopropylaminobutyl)-8-hydroxycarbostyril, a new bronchodilator.

The isomers of erythro-5-(1-hydroxy-2-isopropylaminobutyl)-8-hydroxycarbostyril (1), a new potent and beta2-selective bronchodilator, were synthesized by optical resolution of compound 1 and inversion of the erythro to the threo isomers. The isomers were tested for activities to inhibit histamine-induced bronchospasm and to increase the heart rate of anesthetized dogs. Racemic and (-)-erythro-1 showed potent and beta2-selective bronchodilater activities. Among the isomers, (-)-erythro-1 showed the highest activities and (+)-erythro-1 showed the lowest.

Animals↗