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Biomedical subjects

Y Masaki

Publications and source records attributed to Y Masaki.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Analysis of risk factors for development of bronchopleural fistula after pneumonectomy for lung cancer].

Bronchopleural fistulas (BPF) developed in six (7.9%) of 76 patients who underwent a pneumonectomy for treatment of lung cancer. Five patients (18.2%) underwent a right pneumonectomy and one (3.7%) a left pneumonectomy. All patients were male, had squamous cell carcinoma, and were diagnosed as having BPF within one month after pneumonectomy. Their average age was 60.2 years. Univariate analyses related to development of BPF showed that significant risk factors were preoperative infection (Chi-square test; p < 0.001), right pneumonectomy (Chi-square test; p < 0.05), and metastasis to a subcarinal lymph node (Chi-square test; p < 0.05). However, sex, age, operating time, amount of blood loss during surgery, amount of blood transfused during surgery, history of smoking, degree of lymph node dissection, degree of curability, performance of combined resection, histologic type of tumor, tumor size, presence of residual tumor at the bronchial stump, and suturing method were not significant risk factors for development of BPF. Our stepwise regression analysis related to development of BPF showed that preoperative infection, metastasis to a subcarinal lymph node, right pneumonectomy, and combined resection were significant risk factors. Sometimes it is difficult to preserve the bronchial arteries upon the dissection of metastatic subcarinal lymph nodes which tightly adhere to the bronchial sheath. Moreover, after a conventional right pneumonectomy, the bronchial stump protrudes into the pleural cavity and is not covered by any tissue. Ligation of the bronchial arteries or protrusion of the bronchial stump into the right pleural cavity reduces the blood supply to the bronchial stump to a very low level and causes development of BPF. Therefore, we suggest that control of preoperative infection, wrapping of the bronchial stump, and preservation of the bronchial arteries during mediastinal lymph node dissection are important to prevent development of BPF.

Bronchial Fistula↗
PubMed1995

Three cases of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia with bullae seen in schoolteachers.

We encountered three patients with chronic interstitial pneumonia with many bullae in the lower lung fields whose lifetime occupation was teaching school. Pathological examination of autopsy lungs of these patients revealed interstitial pneumonia and multiple bullae throughout the lungs, including the lower lobe. Since blackboard chalk has been used as a popular writing material among teachers in Japan, the mineral contents in the lungs of two of the three cases and four control cases with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) (whose occupations were not teaching) were analyzed. The amount of deposition of total dust, inorganic dust, non-SiO2 inorganic dust, and calcium was significantly higher in the lungs of two schoolteachers compared with those of the control lungs. The amount of free silica in case 1 and alpha-quartz in case 3 were also significantly higher than in the controls. Two thirds of the chalk produced in Japan is still made from gypsum and involves small amounts of silica and other minerals, in addition to calcium. These findings indicated the deposition of chalk in the lungs of these patients with interstitial pneumonia and multiple bullae.

Blister↗
PubMed1995

Smoking promotes insidious and chronic farmer's lung disease, and deteriorates the clinical outcome.

Although the prevalence of serum precipitating antibodies for farmer's lung disease (FLD) is lower in smokers than in nonsmokers and FLD predominates in nonsmokers, the affects of smoking on the clinical course of the disease is not known. We compared the clinical findings and the prognosis between 12 smokers (SM-FLD) and 31 non-smokers with FLD (NS-FLD). There was no difference in age, sex, working years on farm, clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, radiographic findings, between the two groups. However, for the type of onset on the first visit for FLD, "acute single episode" type was less common, and "recurrent" and "insidious onset" types were more common in SM-FLD than in NS-FLD (8.3 vs 58.1, 91.7 vs 41.9%, respectively, p < 0.05). Although working status and mask wearing status were not significantly different between the two groups after the diagnosis of FLD, patients with symptoms and/or radiographic abnormalities of FLD of more than 6 months were found more frequently in SM-FLD than in NS-FLD (66.7 vs 19.4%, p < 0.005). And also SM-FLD had more recurrences of FLD than NS-FLD after the initial diagnosis of FLD (1.58 +/- 1.56 vs 0.47 +/- 1.07, p < 0.05). SM-FLD tended to have lower % VC than NS-FLD (73.6 +/- 7.4 vs 88.5 +/- 3.9%, respectively, p = 0.06). Regarding the prognosis, the 10-year survival rates were 70.7% in SM-FLD, and 91.5% in NS-FLD (p < 0.05). These results suggest that smoking may make FLD insidious and chronic, and deteriorates the clinical outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Clinical effects and immunological analysis of intraabdominal and intrapleural injection of lentinan for malignant ascites and pleural effusion of gastric carcinoma].

Twenty-one patients with malignant peritoneal or pleural effusions of gastric carcinomas were treated with intracavitary injection of lentinan (LNT). LNT was injected at a dosage of 4 mg/week for 4 weeks. In total, fifteen (71%) of twenty-one patients demonstrated clinical responses. Toxicity caused a high fever in only one case. LAK and ATK activities induced from peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) after culture with autologous tumor and interleukin-2 were examined before and after LNT injection. ATK activity was augmented, but LAK activity was reduced after LNT injection. These results indicate that intracavitary injection of LNT is a useful treatment for malignant effusions, and that LNT augments the induction of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗
PubMed1995

[Milrinone suppresses TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta release in mouse peritoneal macrophages].

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) exerts a wide spectrum of biological activities and contributes to the pathophysiology of septic shock. We studied whether milrinone suppresses TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta releases from mouse peritoneal macrophages. Mouse peritoneal macrophages were stimulated for 18 hr with lipopolysaccharide and different doses of milrinone. TNF-alpha release was suppressed in a dose-dependent fashion with milrinone, reaching half-maximal inhibition at 30 microM. Release of IL-1 beta was not suppressed with 25 microM of milrinone, but it was suppressed with 250 microM of milrinone. We conclude that TNF-alpha release is suppressed by therapeutically administered milrinone.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[The effect of isoflurane on the secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta from LPS-stimulated human peripheral blood monocytes].

The cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 secreted from macrophages/monocytes proved to play important roles in the pathogenesis of endotoxemia, severe pancreatitis and other surgical injuries. However, it is still unclear how inhalational anesthetic agents influence the secretion of these cytokines from macrophages/monocytes. We investigated the effects of isoflurane on TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta secretions from human peripheral blood monocytes stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta secretions increased after LPS stimulation and this increase was inhibited by isoflurane in dose-dependent fashion. The inhibitory action of isoflurane disappeared between 1 and 3 hours after stopping isoflurane inhalation. We concluded that isoflurane could inhibit TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta secretions from peripheral blood monocytes stimulated by LPS in a dose-dependent fashion and that the inhibitory action of isoflurane was reversible.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1995

[Effects of thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist, KT2-962 on pulmonary hypertensive responses to antigen challenge in isolated sensitized rabbit lung].

We investigated whether KT2-962 (thromboxane H2/A2 receptor antagonist) could attenuate increases in pulmonary arterial and airway pressures after antigen challenge in isolated-perfused sensitized rabbit lungs. Sensitized rabbits were immunized intravenously with human O-N type erythrocytes until the agglutination titer against antigen reached above 1:10,000. Nineteen rabbits were divided into three groups. In N group (n = 9), antigen was challenged into perfusate. In KT2 group (n = 5), 1 mg.kg-1 of KT2-962 was given into reservoir 10 min prior to antigen challenge. In Indo group (n = 5), 5 mg.kg-1 of indomethacin was given into reservoir 20 min prior to antigen challenge. Maximal increase in pulmonary arterial pressure after antigen challenge in N group was significantly higher than that in KT2 group or in Indo group (13.4 +/- 3.3 mmHg, 1.5 +/- 0.5mmHg, 1.5 +/- 0.2mmHg, respectively). Maximal increase in airway pressure in N group was higher than that in KT2 group or in Indo group (2.9 +/- 0.8cmH2O, 0.8 +/- 0.2cmH2O, 0.5 +/- 0.2cmH2O, respectively), but this was not significant. Pharmacological potential of KT2-962 to attenuate pulmonary hypertensive responses was estimated 50 times stronger than that of indomethacin. In conclusion, KT2-962 can exert therapeutic effect on pulmonary hypertensive responses induced by immunological reactions.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Clinical aspects and types of Sjögren's syndrome].

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic as well as an organ-specific autoimmune disease, characterized by destructive lymphocytic infiltration of the salivary and lacrimal glands. We divided SS patients into three stages: stage I is glandular SS, stage II is extraglandular SS, and stage III is extraglandular SS with lymphoid malignancy. The lymphoaggressive nature of the disease appears to lead SS patients from stage I to II and from stage II to III. However, stage III patients made up only 5% of SS patients. Many patients remain stable in stages I or II for as long as 10 or 20 years. Therefore, we can assume that there are factors which trigger patients in stages I or II to progress to stages II or III and that only those patients who have such factors progress from stages I or II to stages II or III, respectively. Accumulation in the salivary glands or in the peripheral blood of B cells which have rearrangement of the RF-related germline gene Vg or over-expression of the bcl-2 gene in the lymphoepithelial lesion might be included among these factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Lymphoproliferative disorders in patients with Sjögren's syndrome--Vg gene rearrangement and expression of bcl-2 protein].

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a unique disease which develops a high incidence of lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) such as monoclonal gammopathy or malignant lymphoma. In order to elucidate the mechanism responsible for the emergence of monoclonal B cell proliferation at the site of a chronic autoimmune reaction, the rheumatoid factor (RF) related germline gene Vg and expression of the bcl-2 gene in the lymphoepithelial lesion (LEL) were studied. Predominant usage of the Vg or Vg-like genes was found in the peripheral blood leukocytes in SS patients and abundant expression of bcl-2 protein in the lymphocytes in and around the LEL were observed. These results suggest that RF clones were activated resulting into monoclonal proliferation and overexpression of bcl-2 protein play a role allowing the cell to escape a apoptotic cell death resulting into the increased risk of monoclonal proliferation in SS patients.

Female↗
PubMed1994

Rearrangement of the rheumatoid factor-related germline gene Vg and bcl-2 expression in lymphoproliferative disorders in patients with Sjögren's syndrome.

Of 250 patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) (190 with 1 degree SS and 60 with 2 degrees SS), 60 patients demonstrated lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD): 41 patients had monoclonal gammopathy (MG), 4 had pseudolymphoma, 3 had in situ monoclonal lymphoproliferation, and 12 had malignant lymphoma. Rearrangement of the rheumatoid factor (RF)-related germline gene Vg (associated with the monoclonal RF SF18/2) was demonstrated in 24 of 50 genomic DNAs from the peripheral blood leukocytes of SS patients. It was found in none of 20 DNAs from normal subjects. This suggests an almost 50% incidence of a germline Ig gene rearrangement in SS patients without clinical MG. Lymphocytes composing the lymphoepithelial lesion (LEL) in the major salivary glands of SS patients expressed the oncogene bcl-2 protein in 4 out of 6 patients. The progression of SS from benign to malignant lymphoproliferation may be related to suppression of apoptotic death by bcl-2. These findings suggest that (i) RF clones are activated in SS with little or no somatic mutation resulting in monoclonal proliferation and (ii) the LEL in the salivary gland is one site for monoclonal B cell proliferation and emerging malignant lymphoma.

Adult↗