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Biomedical subjects

Y Montoya

Publications and source records attributed to Y Montoya.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Pregnancy and delivery among adolescents under 15: a study of 181 cases in French Guiana].

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study were to determine the effects and consequences of premature pregnancy and childbirth among adolescents under 15 years of age in French Guyana. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective field-case study between the 1(st) and the 31(st) December 2001 identified 181 births among adolescents aged 14 years and under. Comparisons were made with 181 births among 18-year-old first-time mothers taking place over the same period. RESULTS: 1.55% of all births in the maternity ward at St Laurent-du-Maroni Hospital involved adolescents under the age of 15. 24.6% of these young mothers were enrolled in secondary school, 21% were beneficiaries of the national social security health insurance and 61% of them were born outside Guyana. Pre-natal monitoring was less frequent among the group of teenage mothers, and preterm labor (0.04 < p < 0.05), anemia (0.02 < p < 0.03) and Chlamydiae trachomatis infections (0.03 < p < 0.04) are more frequent. There is no significant difference regarding high blood pressure, diabetes, or infectious diseases (except from Chlamydiae) or regarding labor and delivery. Mean birth weight was lower (p = 0.01) and the Apgar score was more often less than 7 at the first minute (p < 0.05) among newborn of teenage mothers. CONCLUSION: While pregnancies among younger teenagers appear to indicate a higher level of associated medical problems, a more thorough pre-natal check-up program would certainly reduce the number of problem related cases. The extremely high proportion of teenage pregnancies in the West of French Guiana has become a major public health issue for the entire region.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Medical termination of pregnancy at 9-14 weeks gestation. Prospective study of 105 cases in Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni (French Guyana)].

OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of mifepristone 600mg with misoprostol 800 mg, for termination of pregnancy at 9-14 weeks gestation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective study included 105 women at 9 to 14 weeks gestation given 800 mg of vaginal misoprostol, 2 or 3 days after a single dose of 600 mg of mifepristone for pregnancy termination. Outcomes measures included mean expulsion time, the interval between fotal and placental expulsion, adverse effects, vaginal bleeding, requirement for analgesia, and hospital stay, analyzed by parity and gestational age. RESULTS: Pregnancy termination was successful in 92.4% of the patients without requirement for surgery. The mean time to expulsion was 6 hours. The fetus and placenta were expelled together in 79% of the cases. In 15% the conception products were retained in the cervical canal, and removed with a ring forceps. Additional misoprostol doses were necessary in 33% and analgesia (nalbuphine sublingually, mean dose was 10mg) in 56%. Significant bleeding was observed in 7.5%, leading to curettage in 2 patients. No statistically significant differences were found between the rate of success and term (9-12 versus 12-14) or parity. CONCLUSION: Combining oral mifepristone and vaginal misoprostol is a successful alternative to surgical termination of pregnancy, even after 9 weeks' gestation. The use of nalbuphine for analgesia improves acceptability; sublingual administration helps avoid invasive procedures. Before 14 weeks gestation, the legal limit for termination of pregnancy in France, the choice between the surgical and medical alternatives should be left to the patient.

Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal↗
PubMed2004

[Severe maternal anemia and pregnancy outcome].

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of severe antenatal maternal anemia on pregnancy outcome. MATERIAL: and methods. A retrospective study comparing 2 groups of pregnant women: 111 (pregnant women) with anemia (Hb < 8 g/dl), 111 non- anemic pregnant women (Hb >10 g/dl). Clinical and biological characteristics for both groups were compared. Data on the newborn babies were collected. RESULTS: In the anemic group: iron deficiency was the most common cause of anemia (92.7%). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups with respect to age or parity. Maternal anemia was found to be significantly associated with more frequent preterm birth (29.2% vs 9.2%) and increased low birth weight (2933 g vs 3159 g). DISCUSSION: The literature is not conclusive on the influence of anemia in pregnant women. More frequent preterm birth and low birth weight have been reported in the majority of studies considering mild to moderate maternal anemia (in contrast to our study where the mothers had severe anemia). Many studies indicated that routine iron supplementation during pregnancy may have beneficial effects on pregnancy outcome. Severe anemia in pregnancy may have adverse effects for the newborn and should be treated or prevented early in pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Genes coding structural proteins in the Leishmania braziliensis complex.

Acidic ribosomal P1 and P2b proteins, referred to as P proteins, and histone H3 are reported for first time in the Leishmania braziliensis complex. Deoxyribonucleic acid analysis and multiple sequence alignment suggest that both P proteins may maintain their structural function in the ribosomal stalk, in spite of the high rate of mutations detected. The deduced amino acid sequence of protein P1 showed 51% identity with Trypanosoma cruzi protein P1 and protein P2b showed 61% identity with T. cruzi protein P2b. Another conserved protein, L. (Viannia) braziliensis histone H3, showed 82% and 70% identity with histone H3 of L. (Leishmania) infantum and T. cruzi, respectively. The N-terminal end of this histone is divergent in comparison with the consensus eukaryotic sequence. Their predicted tridimensional structure was designed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2002

[Typhoid fever and pregnancy].

Typhoid fever is rare in Europe, but well-recognized endemic disease in tropical zones. We report our findings in a series of 25 cases of typhoid fever during pregnancy observed in French Guiana and reviewed the literature on clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment. Salmonellea typhi causes septicemia of digestive origin that can cross the placenta resulting in chorioamniotitis. Maternal-fetal infection with S. typhi can lead to miscarriage, fetal death, neonatal infection, as well as diverse maternal complications. In order to avoid maternal complications and possible fetal transmission, treatment with ceftriaxone should be initiated as early as possible

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1988

The use of nonradioactive DNA probes for the characterization of Leishmania isolates from Peru.

We describe conditions for dot blot DNA hybridization studies using biotinylated kDNA probes from Leishmania. The sensitivity and specificity attained with biotinylated or 32P-labeled probes were equivalent. The lower level of detection obtained was 100 parasites that were blotted on nitrocellulose paper and then treated with Proteinase K. Studies were performed with 112 Leishmania isolates from Andean (uta) and sylvatic mucocutaneous (espundia) patients and all were determined to belong to the Leishmania braziliensis complex.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recombinant antigens for specific and sensitive serodiagnosis of Latin American tegumentary leishmaniasis.

The diagnostic potential of recombinant leishmanial antigens for Latin American tegumentary leishmaniasis (LATL) was examined. Two Leishmania (Viannia) peruviana recombinant proteins, T26-U2 and T26-U4, were assessed by their reactivity to detect specific anti-leishmanial antibodies. Seventy-eight individual sera from persons with LATL, 39 from those with other diseases, and 10 negative control sera were tested by Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The sensitivity of the test using T26-U2 plus T26-U4 was similar to that obtained with whole parasite extract (92%). However, the specificity obtained using both recombinant antigens (87%) was higher than that of the whole parasite extract (65%). All tests using recombinant proteins (T26-U2, T26-U2 plus T26-U4 or T26-U4) had a higher positive predictive value (89%, 92% and 98%, respectively) than the value obtained using total parasites (81%). Eleven Colombian sera were also tested, and the results indicated that T26-U2 plus T26-U4 could be used successfully in Peru and in other Latin American countries.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antenatal diagnosis of upper urinary tract dilation by ultrasonography.

The criteria for the detection of fetal pyelectasis are still controversial. Prenatal and postnatal data from 2,170 consecutive pregnant women who underwent at least one antenatal ultrasound scan were prospectively studied. Fetal pyelectasis was defined on the basis of a mean renal pelvis dimension > 5 or 10 mm before or after 28 weeks of gestation, respectively. Pyelectasis was detected in 95 (4.4%) fetuses. Eighty-nine among them were explored after birth. In 13 (13.7%) cases, an obstructive urinary tract abnormality, a severe vesicoureteral reflux, or a megaureter were diagnosed postnatally. In 29 (30.5%) cases, pyelectasis was confirmed postnatally, while complementary investigations ruled out an obstruction of the urinary tract. The incidence of urinary tract malformations was thus 0.60%, while the positive predictive value was 13.7%. We recommend to use a value not < 10 mm of the renal pelvis mean dimension beyond 28 weeks of gestation as a threshold for detection of fetal upper urinary tract obstruction, in the absence of ureteric and/or bladder dilation. Any value between 5 and 10 mm measured during the 2nd trimester of gestation should be confirmed by a second ultrasound examination performed during the 3rd trimester, before being considered pathological.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acidic ribosomal proteins and histone H3 from Leishmania present a high rate of divergence.

Another additional peculiarity in Leishmania will be discussed about of the amino acid divergence rate of three structural proteins: acidic ribosomal P1 and P2b proteins, and histone H3 by using multiple sequence alignment and dendrograms. These structural proteins present a high rate of divergence regarding to their homologous protein in Trypanosoma cruzi. At this regard, L. (V.) peruviana P1 and T. cruzi P1 showed 57.4% of divergence rate. Likewise, L. (V.) braziliensis histone H3 and acidic ribosomal P2 protein exhibited 31.8% and 41.7% respectively of rate of divergence in comparison with their homologous in T. cruzi.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Urban-rural variations in medical care of children with diarrhea in Mexico].

OBJECTIVE: To study the urban and rural variations of medical care for acute diarrhea among children under five years old. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data from the 1993 Effective Household Treatment National Survey were analyzed. A number of 338 children from urban areas and 300 from rural areas were included in the study. Variables included were: household treatment, health-seeking behavior, mothers' previous training to manage acute diarrhea, use of oral rehydration salts (ORS) and availability of and access to health care. RESULTS: Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) as part of the household treatment and feeding the regular diet were more frequently found in rural areas. Less than 50% of children received medical care in both settings. In urban areas most children were cared for by private physicians. About 30% of children needed medical care but they were not taken to medical facilities. Physicians in rural areas prescribed ORS more frequently, while those from urban areas prescribed medication and restrictive diets in a greater proportion. Physicians working in public facilities prescribed ORT in greater proportions than private ones. Mothers from rural areas had received more training to manage diarrhea but they had restricted access to medical care in comparison to mothers from urban areas. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to improve health care education of urban populations, to increase access and coverage of health services in rural areas and to strength activities to improve the quality of medical care provided by private physicians and by those working in urban areas.

Child, Preschool↗