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Biomedical subjects

Y Somekawa

Publications and source records attributed to Y Somekawa.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Cystadenocarcinoma (papillary cystadenocarcinoma) of the submandibular gland.

Cystadenocarcinoma (papillary cystadenocarcinoma) of the salivary gland is a rare malignant neoplasm. Major locations of this neoplasm are the parotid gland, the sublingual gland, and minor salivary glands, while occurrence in the submandibular gland is extremely rare. As far as we know, only one report, written in the French language, has been published concerning cystadenocarcinoma of the submandibular gland, but no report is available in the English language. In this report, we describe a case of cystadenocarcinoma arising from the submandibular gland of a 54-year-old male patient. The neoplasm is a low-grade carcinoma, and pre-operative examination may not show typical characteristics of malignant neoplasms. Therefore, as was true in this case, the differential diagnosis from benign lesions is sometimes difficult. This is the first report on cystadenocarcinoma of the submandibular gland in the English language and the first to show a computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of this neoplasm in the submandibular gland.

Cystadenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed2004

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ramosetron for preventing nausea and vomiting during termination of pregnancy.

Women undergoing general anesthesia for dilatation and curettage have a high risk for postoperative nausea and vomiting. We therefore evaluated the efficacy and safety of ramosetron, a new compound having serotonin receptor antagonist activity, for preventing nausea and vomiting in termination of pregnancy. Eighty women scheduled for dilatation and curettage received, in a randomized, double-blind manner, an intravenous placebo or ramosetron at three different doses (0.15 mg, 0.3 mg, 0.6 mg) at the end of surgery (n = 20 per group). Emetic episodes and safety were assessed. The percentage of patients who were emesis-free (no nausea, no retching, no vomiting) during 0-24 h after anesthesia was 55% with ramosetron 0.15 mg (P = 0.5), 85% with ramosetron 0.3 mg (P = 0.02), and 90% with ramosetron 0.6 mg (P = 0.007), compared with 50% in the placebo group. No clinically serious adverse events due to the study drugs were observed in any group. Our results suggest that ramosetron 0.3 mg is an effective antiemetic for prophylaxis against emetic symptoms after dilatation and curettage. Increasing the dose to 0.6 mg provides no further benefit.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2001

Soy intake related to menopausal symptoms, serum lipids, and bone mineral density in postmenopausal Japanese women.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of dietary isoflavones in soy products on menopausal symptoms, lipid profiles, and bone mineral densities in postmenopausal Japanese women. METHODS: We estimated the daily intakes of isoflavones in the diets of 478 postmenopausal Japanese women who reported soy consumption. We recorded serum values of fasting total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoproteins. Bone mineral density was measured at the lumbar spine (L2-L4) by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Women were assigned to two groups according to years since menopause (early and late postmenopausal groups), and each group was subcategorized into four groups according to dietary isoflavone intake. Relationships between isoflavone intake, menopausal symptoms, lipid profiles, and bone mineral density were examined in each group. RESULTS: The mean estimated intake of isoflavones among 478 women was 54.3 mg/day. With stepwise regression analysis we found that weight and years since menopause were significant independent predictors of bone mineral density. Bone mineral densities adjusted to years since menopause and weight were significantly different in the highest intake compared with lowest intake category (P <.001) within the early and late postmenopausal groups. In the early postmenopausal group, significant differences were found in palpitation and backaches between the high and low intake categories but were not significant in the late postmenopausal group. CONCLUSION: High consumption of soy products is associated with increased bone mass in postmenopausal women and might be useful for preventing hypoestrogenic effects.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Efficacy of ipriflavone in preventing adverse effects of leuprolide.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ipriflavone in preventing bone loss, decreasing in serum cholesterol and decreasing the rate of appearance of vasomotor symptoms, as well as the effects of ipriflavone on reduction of myoma volume by estrogen deficiency during treatment with the GnRH analog leuprolide. One hundred two women (mean age, 44.3 +/- 0.53 yr) receiving leuprolide therapy for uterine leiomyoma were randomly allocated to two groups (group A, leuprolide only; group B, leuprolide with ipriflavone). Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry before and after treatment for 6 months. Levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured before treatment and after 3 and 6 months of treatment. Subjects were asked to report the appearance of vasomotor symptoms throughout treatment. Myoma node volumes were measured before treatment and after treatment for 6 months. Bone mineral density was reduced in both groups, with reduction rates of -5.26% in group A and -3.70% in group B (P < 0.01 vs. group A). Changes in bone markers were not significant in either group. TC was significantly increased in both groups, and TG levels were increased significantly after 3 and 6 months of treatment in group A but not in group B. There was no significant difference between these two groups in amount of increase of either TC or TG. LDL-C levels were increased significantly after 3 and 6 months of treatment in both groups, and the differences between the groups (11.7% in group A vs. 7.5% in group B at 3 month and 22.6% in group A vs. 8.4% in group B at 6 month) were significant. Severe vasomotor symptoms were reduced in group B. The rates of reduction of myoma volume were 49.8% in group A and 52.9% in group B; this difference between groups was not significant. Ipriflavone efficaciously alleviated the adverse effects of estrogen deficiency such as bone loss and increase in LDL-C level, and the ability of leuprolide therapy to reduce myoma volume was not decreased by ipriflavone administration.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Granisetron, droperidol, and metoclopramide for the treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting in women undergoing gynecologic surgery.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate granisetron, droperidol, and metoclopramide for efficacy and safety in the treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting after major gynecologic surgery. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred twenty postoperative female patients were monitored for the first 3 hours after anesthesia in the postanesthesia care unit and for the next 24 hours after anesthesia in the ward. Patients who had postoperative nausea and vomiting within the first 3 hours after anesthesia received intravenously, in a randomized double-blind manner, 40 microg/kg granisetron, 20 microg/kg droperidol, or 0.2 mg/kg metoclopramide. Patients were then observed for 24 hours after drug administration. RESULTS: Complete control of established postoperative nausea and vomiting, defined as no emesis and no need for another rescue antiemetic medication, was more frequent among the patients who had received granisetron (88%) than among those who had received droperidol (55%) or metoclopramide (50%) (P <.05). The severity of nausea was less in patients who had received granisetron than in those who had received droperidol or metoclopramide (P <.05). No clinically adverse events were observed in any of the groups. CONCLUSION: Granisetron is more effective than droperidol or metoclopramide for the treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting during the first 3 hours after anesthesia in patients undergoing major gynecologic operations.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Use of vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the prevention of bone loss induced by leuprolide.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin K2 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] in preventing bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency during therapy with the GnRH agonist (GnRH-a) leuprolide. One hundred ten women (mean age, 46.2+/-0.5 yr), receiving leuprolide therapy for estrogen-dependent diseases (such as endometriosis and uterine leiomyomas), were randomly allocated into four groups (group A, leuprolide only; group B, leuprolide with vitamin K2; group C, leuprolide with 1,25-(OH)2D3; and group D, leuprolide with vitamin K2 and 1,25-(OH)2D3). Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry before and after 6 months of treatment. Bone formation and resorption markers were also measured before and after 6 months of treatment. There were no significant differences in the background parameters among the four groups. Bone mineral density was reduced in all four groups, but the percent changes varied slightly, at - 5.25% (group A), -3.72% (P < 0.05 vs. group A) (group B), -4.13% (group C), and -3.59% (P < 0.01 vs. group A) (group D), respectively. Bone formation markers were significantly increased in all four groups, and the percent changes of bone formation markers were highest in group B. Bone resorption markers also increased significantly in all four groups after treatment of 6 months. Group B tended to have the highest percent changes of bone resorption markers among the four groups, but these increases were not significantly different between any of the groups. Vitamin K2, especially when combined with 1,25-(OH)2D3, can partially prevent bone loss caused by estrogen deficiency. However, because this effect is attributable mainly to the activation of bone formation, it is not sufficient to eliminate bone loss induced by GnRH-a therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Prognosis and organ preservation in oropharyngeal cancer treated with radiotherapy].

The records of 102 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx treated at National Sapporo Hospital with external and/or interstitial radiotherapy between 1978 and 1996 were reviewed to evaluate the treatment results, focusing on primary control and functional preservation. Ninety-five patients had been primarily treated with curative intent initially. Of these 95 patients, 4% were in stage I, 19% in stage II, 42% in stage III and 34% in stage IV. Twenty-one patients (22%) had been treated with multidisciplinary chemotherapy, and 19 patients (20%) had been boosted with brachytherapy mainly using Au-198 grains. The cause-specific survival rates at 5 and 10 years were 63% and 52%, respectively. The local control rates at 5 and 10 years were 70% and 51%, respectively. The most important factors affecting local control were the subsite of the primary tumor and N stage. Based on these findings, it is considered that radiotherapy combined with/without chemotherapy except for N3 and the posterior wall type is an effective method of achieving tumor control and preserving organ function, compared with other methods including surgical procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Relationship between apolipoprotein E polymorphism, menopausal symptoms, and serum lipids during hormone replacement therapy.

OBJECTIVE: Menopausal women receive hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to relieve symptoms and to help prevent osteoporosis or atherosclerotic disease. We investigated the association of apolipoprotein (apo) E polymorphism with menopausal symptoms, body fat mass and lipid profile in 236 women, together with the lipid changes accompanying HRT administration in 172 women from this population who were postmenopausal. STUDY DESIGN: The subjects were divided into three groups according to apo E phenotype: group E2, apo E2/2 and 2/3; group E3, apo E3/3; group E4, apo E4/3 and 4/4. Typical menopausal symptoms were classified into four degrees of severity; body fat mass, lipid profile, and serum lipid levels were measured before and 6 months after oral HRT. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the symptoms of the three groups. The serum levels of apo E were the highest in group E2 and lowest in group E4. Analogous tendencies were seen in the mean levels of total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and apo B, with group E4 having the highest levels and group E2 the lowest. Triglyceride levels (TG) were the highest in group E2, but the difference was not significant. These parameters suggest that group E4 had the highest risk of cardiovascular disease. The LDL-C/high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio was improved from 2.18 before HRT to 1.52 after HRT in group E2; from 2.26 to 1.92 in group E3; and from 2.57 to 2.10 in group E4. CONCLUSION: The apo E phenotype was not associated with any difference in menopausal symptoms. Group E4 had the highest risk for cardiovascular disease, and group E2 the lowest. Oral HRT could be recommended for the women in group E4.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1998

En bloc resection of the temporal bone by the lateral approach in carcinoma of the middle ear associated with skull base infiltration with reference to the resection of the petrous apex.

En bloc resection of the temporal bone was performed by the lateral approach on two patients with carcinoma of the middle ear, which was associated with destruction in the temporal bone and tumor infiltration of the cranial base. In one of the patients, the petrous apex was resected along with the temporal bone.En bloc resection on the temporal bone with the petrous apex is believed to be difficult because the internal carotid artery (ICA), cavernous sinus, and the brainstem are adjacent to each other in the petrous apex. However, the intra- and extracranial surgical procedures by this approach allow resection of the temporal bone ranging from the anterior part including the petrous apex to the posterior part including the mastoid process, the dura of the middle and posterior cranial fossae, and the sigmoid sinus, without exposure of the tumor. Special attention should be paid to the procedural points of surgery, such as, exposure of the petrous ICA, bleeding from the petrous sinus, and dural suturing in the vicinity of the apex. With regard to surgical indication, it is important to determine whether tumor infiltration is confined to the temporal bone and the dura of the middle and posterior fossa. If tumor infiltration into the petrous ICA, the dominant side of sigmoid sinus and/or the inferior cranial nerve is observed, then indication for surgery should be determined in a more critical manner.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

[En bloc resection of the temporal bone for middle ear carcinoma extending to the cranial base].

En bloc resection of the temporal bone for squamous cell carcinoma of the middle ear was performed by the postauricular transtemporal and retromastoid approaches. The patient was a 70-year-old woman whose tumor extended to the middle and posterior cranial fossae. Temporal and retromastoid craniotomies were carried out, then the temporal dura and the cerebellar dura, and the transverse and sigmoid sinuses were exposed. The temporal dura and the cerebellar dura were opened, and the transverse sinus was ligated at the junction with the sigmoid sinus. After that, the tentorial dura was incised, the incision extending anteriorly to the middle cranial fossa and transecting the superior petrosal sinus. Consequently, a wide view into the middle and the posterior cranial fossae was obtained. In the posterior fossa, cranial nerves VII and VIII were divided. On the other hand, nerves IX, X and XI were preserved at the dural incision on the posterior surface of the temporal bone. Subsequently, in the area of the carotid canal, the temporal bone was drilled toward the medial side of the internal auditory canal and also posteriorly down to the jugular bulb. At this stage, the temporal bone and the soft tissue attachments, such as the middle and posterior cranial fossa dura, and the sigmoid sinus, were separated from the pyramidal apex and the clivus. The dural defect was repaired with a free pericranial graft. A rectus abdominis muscle flap was transferred to reconstruct the defect of the skull base resulting from the temporal bone resection. Postoperative complications like CSF leakage, meningitis and lower cranial nerve damage, were not seen after the treatment. The patient has shown no evidence of recurrence for the 28 months since the surgical treatment, and has not complained of any problems with swallowing or conducting conversations in daily life. With the contribution of recent developments in skull base and reconstruction surgery, more aggressive en bloc resection of the temporal bone can be carried out on patients with advanced middle ear carcinoma. These developments will also make it possible for patients whose prognosis was previously thought to be poor to have a chance for a cure.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Determination of 5-FU tissue concentrations after oral UFT administration in tumors of the head and neck].

We determined the 5-FU concentrations in the tumor tissue, normal tissue surrounding the tumor, metastatic lymph nodes, normal lymph nodes, and serum after oral UFT administration to 26 patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck. The 5-FU concentration was mean 0.20 +/- 0.13 micrograms/g in the tumor tissue and mean 0.14 +/- 0.08 micrograms/g in the metastatic lymph nodes. The 5-FU concentrations in the tumor tissue and metastatic lymph nodes were significantly higher than in the corresponding normal tissue surrounding the tumor and normal lymph nodes. In addition, the 5-FU concentration was significantly higher in the tumor tissue than in the metastatic lymph nodes. No significant differences were observed in the 5-FU concentration according to the sites of the primary tumor. However, the difference in the 5-FU concentration between the tumor and normal tissues was smaller in tongue cancer than in pharyngeal cancer.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Results of cesium needle interstitial implantation for carcinoma of the oral tongue.

One hundred thirty previously untreated patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue received interstitial radiotherapy with curative intent using cesium needles. Ninety-nine patients were treated with interstitial radiotherapy alone and 31 patients received interstitial radiotherapy combined with external beam irradiation. The recurrence-free rates in the primary lesions were 94.4% (17/18) in T1, 91.2% (52/57) in T2, and 70.9% (22/31) in T3 lesions. The local recurrence-free rates with single-plane and two-plane implantation were good: 89.7% (70/78) and 85.7% (12/14), respectively. The rate of 64.2% (9/14) for volume implantation was significantly poorer (p < 0.05). It is evident that tumor volume is an important factor in the control of cancer following interstitial therapy. The overall incidence of ulceration of the tongue and mandibular complication was 20% (26/130) and 13% (17/130), respectively. Using both interstitial and external radiotherapy, the incidence was 22.5%, compared with 10.1% using interstitial radiotherapy alone. The mandibular complication incidence of 8.9% with single-plane implants was much lower than 20.8% for two-plane and 23.5% for volume implants. Interstitial radiotherapy is most suitable in T1 and T2 cases in which single-plane implantation is possible; for these patients interstitial radiotherapy, which has the advantage of preserving the structure and function of the tongue, should continue to be used in the future in spite of the progress in reconstructive surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck with multi-drug chemotherapy and radiotherapy].

Multi-drug chemotherapy containing cisplatin has been reported to be one of the most active chemotherapy regimens in advanced or recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. In this study, the current status of clinical investigation of combination chemotherapies is reviewed. And our data are presented in head and neck cancer with multi-drug chemotherapy containing cisplatin. Thirty-five patients of stage 3-4 and 70 patients with recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were treated by multi-drug chemotherapy containing cisplatin, and radiotherapy and/or operation. The overall response rate was 71.4%, with 17.1% complete remission in previously untreated, locally advanced patients and 31.4% in recurrent or metastatic patients. Problems of chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy and future direction of clinical study in locally advanced or recurrent head and neck cancer are discussed.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1986

[Results of several combination modalities for maxillary cancer].

Two hundred forty-six patients with the histologically proved squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus were treated at the Department of Radiology, National Sapporo Hospital, with various combined modes of surgery, irradiation and chemotherapy. Four combination modalities were used from 1966 to 1983. One hundred sixty-three (66.3%) patients were men and 83 (33.7%) were women. Five-year survival was 41.0% in T2 (16 cases), 22.3% in T3 (176 cases) and 15% in T4 (53 cases). In 72 cases treated since 1978 with tumor reduction as completely as possible, five-year survival was 43.5%. We recommand tumor reduction as complete as is possible and 40-50 Gy irradiation.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Immune complexes in otitis media with effusion.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the mechanism of the chronicity of otitis media with effusion (OME). The levels of the IgG-immune complexes (IC) in middle ear effusions (MEE) were determined by using anti-C3 solid phase ELISA. The clinical significance of IC in OME was investigated, and the results were as follows: 1) IgG-IC levels in MEE were found to be significantly elevated in patients with OME and positive rates of IgG-IC in MEE were 58.3% in acute cases, 54.5% in subacute cases, and 52.5% in chronic cases. 2) There was no correlation between IgG-IC levels and IgG levels in MEE which were determined by single radial immunodiffusion method. These results suggested that immune complexes formed in the middle ear cavity might play an important role in the prolonged inflammatory process of OME.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Lactoferrin in middle ear effusion.

Lactoferrin (LF) level in the middle ear effusion of patients with otitis media with effusion (OME) was determined by using an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to find the information on non-specific immunity in the middle ear cavity. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), an intracellular enzyme, was also measured by spectrophotometer. We investigated cytological findings of middle ear effusion and classified cellular findings into five classes; Neutrophil dominant type, Lymphocytic-monocytic type, Mixed type, Cellular remnants type, and Too few cells type. LF and LDH levels in average: Serum, LF 1.14 microgram/ml, LDH 330.4 IU/l; Few cells type, LF 45.25 micrograms/ml, LDH 2,727.5 IU/l; Lymphocytic-monocytic type, LF 107.11 micrograms/ml, LDH 10,197.8 IU/l; Neutrophil dominant type, LF 99.73 micrograms/ml, LDH 10,580 IU/l; Mixed type, LF 163.71 micrograms/ml, LDH 19,342.9 IU/l; Cellular remnants type, LF 127.6 micrograms/ml, LDH 9,122 IU/l. LF level is high when cellular factors are rich in middle ear effusion.

Child↗