Effect of compound 48/80 on mast cells and histamine levels in rat brain and on corticosterone secretion.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
Z Chłap
Publications and source records attributed to Z Chłap.
Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions in proliferative lesions of the thyroid gland.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze various argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) parameters in proliferative lesions of the thyroid gland and to determine to what extent these parameters are influenced by the type of lesion or malignancy. STUDY DESIGN: AgNORs were studied by light microscopy with the help of a semiautomated image analysis system in the normal thyroid gland (n = 6), nodular hyperplasia (n = 12), thyroid hyperfunction (n = 6); follicular adenoma (n = 21), oxyphilic adenoma (n = 10), follicular carcinoma (n = 10), oxyphilic carcinoma (n = 9), papillary adenocarcinoma (n = 14), and giant (n = 6) and small cell anaplastic carcinoma (n = 4). The investigated parameters included the number and area of AgNOR dots, the number of separate AgNOR locations, the ratio of the AgNOR dot area to the nuclear area and the area of single AgNOR dots. RESULTS: The number and area of AgNOR dots were low in all the lesions, with the exception of giant cell anaplastic carcinoma. The number of separate AgNOR locations was the lowest in oxyphilic cell tumors and medium in papillary adenocarcinoma, while in all other lesions and normal thyroid it had higher values. The ratio of AgNOR area to the nuclear area and the area of single dots were similar in proliferative lesions and normal thyroid. In all proliferative lesions and in normal thyroid, there was a significant positive correlation (P < or = .0001) between the area or number of AgNOR dots on the one hand and nuclear area on the other. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that in thyroid proliferative lesions, AgNOR values, particularly the number of separate AgNOR locations, correlate with the type of lesion but not with malignancy. Very typical are single clusters of dots within nuclei in oxyphilic tumors, malignant and benign, and in papillary adenocarcinomas, more or less often accompanied by single dots.
Adult↗
Silver-binding nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in tumors of colon.
In the present study various AgNOR parameters were assessed in the computer-aided image analysis and involved the normal epithelium of colon both superficial and epithelium of crypts, adenomas and carcinomas of colon in humans. It indicated that the number and area of AgNOR dots was highest in carcinomas and decreased stepwise from carcinomas through adenomas and the epithelium of crypts to the superficial epithelium. Other parameters such as: the ratio of AgNOR dot area to nuclear area and the size of single dots were different only in the superficial epithelium. The number of AgNOR separate locations showed a tendency for higher values in neoplasms. In neoplastic lesions and normal epithelium there was a positive correlation (p < 0.0001) between AgNOR dot area and nuclear area.
Adult↗
Degranulation and decrease in histamine levels of thalamic mast cells coincides with corticosterone secretion induced by compound 48/80.
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Animals↗
Silver-binding nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in bronchial tumors.
Various AgNOR parameters were measured using the computer-aided image analysis in the normal bronchial epithelium (n = 13), in squamous cell carcinoma (n = 25) and in small-cell carcinoma (n = 11). The number and area of AgNOR dots were the highest in squamous cell carcinoma. In small cell carcinoma and in the normal epithelium the values were significantly lower. The number of AgNOR separate locations was higher in tumors in general. The size of single AgNOR dots showed differences between squamous cell carcinoma and small-cell carcinoma. Ratio of AgNOR dot area to nuclear area was similar in various pathological lesions and normal epithelium. There was a positive correlation ( < or = 0.0001) between the number and area of dots, the number of AgNOR separate locations, the area of single AgNOR dots on one hand and nuclear area on the other.
Adult↗
Effect of compound 48/80 on mast cells and biogenic amine levels in brain structures and on corticosterone secretion.
The effect of compound 48/80, given intracerebroventricularly, on mast cells (MC) and histamine, serotonin and noradrenaline levels in the hypothalamus, thalamus and hippocampus as well as on corticosterone secretion was investigated in rats. A relatively high amount of mast cells was found in the thalamus, a very low in the hypothalamus and almost none in the hippocampus. Compound 48/80 (1 and 5 micrograms) induced MC degranulation, a significant increase in corticosterone secretion and diminution of the thalamic histamine level. The drug also elicited small biphasic changes in histamine level in the hypothalamus and moderately increased serotonin turnover in the brain structures studied, but did not affect noradrenaline level in those structures. These results indicate that brain MC contain a significant amount of histamine, but not serotonin. Compound 48/80 releases histamine from MC, but does not markedly influence neuronal biogenic amines in the brain structures involved in regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
Animals↗
Effect of isolation stress on brain mast cells and brain histamine levels in rats.
The effects of the chronic social stress of isolation on changes in brain mast cells (MC), the hypothalamic histamine content and the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis were investigated in rats. Social stress of isolation markedly reduced the total number of brain mast cells, most significantly by 90% in the first day. The extent of MC degranulation, 36-67%, in stressed rats did not significantly differ from that in control animals, 45-58%. Isolation stress substantially, though not significantly, increased the hypothalamic histamine content. The serum corticosterone levels in isolated rats did not significantly differ from the control levels. These results indicate that social stress of isolation considerably diminishes the number of brain MC and suggest that histamine which might be liberated from these cells does not significantly influence the HPA activity.
Animals↗
Computer-aided analysis of the nuclear area in proliferative lesions of the colonic and bronchial epithelium.
The aim of this study was to establish the diagnostical value of nuclear area in proliferative lesions of colonic and bronchial epithelium. The study included 11 adenomas and 9 adenocarcinomas of colon, 11 control samples of normal colonic epithelium as well as 5 cases of bronchial squamous cell metaplasia, 25 squamous cell carcinomas, 9 small cell carcinomas and 3 adenocarcinomas of bronchi and 13 control samples of normal bronchial epithelium. All tissue samples were formalin fixed, paraffin embedded and silver stained. Morphometrical analysis was performed using optical Axiophot microscope with immersion, B/W CCD camera connected to frame grabber card, computer PC AT 386 and morphometrical software Vist and Morpho. Nuclear area was measured semiautomatically. Within each case 100 nuclei were analyzed. Statistically significant differences between carcinoma and adenoma or normal epithelium were observed in colon. In bronchi nuclear area was significantly higher in squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma if compared with other lesions including small cell carcinoma or bronchial metaplasia and normal epithelium.
Adenoma↗
Effect of compound 48/80 on the thalamic mast cells, serotonin level and corticosterone secretion in rats.
The effect of thalamic mast cells (MCs) degranulation and serotonin liberation by compound 48/80 on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) activity, measured indirectly through corticosterone secretion, was investigated in conscious rats. All drugs were given intracerebroventricularly (icv), the serotonin antagonists 15 min prior to compound 48/80. One hour after administration, compound 48/80 (1 and 5 micrograms) caused a significant increase in degranulated MC number in the thalamus, from control value of 20% up to 58%, and a considerable rise in the serum corticosterone level, but only minor diminution of the thalamic serotonin content. Pretreatment with methysergide, a serotonin receptor antagonist, only slightly dimished the compound 48/80-induced corticosterone response, while pretreatment with cyproheptadine, an antagonist of serotonin-histamine and cholinergic-receptors, significantly decreased the compound 48/80-elicited corticosterone response. These results show for the first time that thalamic mast cells contain a very small amount of serotonin, which may play only a minor role in increasing the HPA activity by compound 48/80. These findings also suggest that other mediators liberated from mast cells by compound 48/80 are responsible for the considerable increase in the HPA activity.
Animals↗
Silver-binding nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in the normal epithelium of different parts of the digestive tract in rats.
The present study of AgNORs was carried out by computer-aided semiautomatic image analysis and involved epithelium, both surface and glandular, from various parts of the digestive tract in rats. It indicated that the number of AgNOR dots, their area and sometimes even the ratio of AgNOR area to nuclear area or the number of AgNOR clusters varied in epithelium from different parts of the digestive tract. The number and area of AgNORs correlated with the proliferative activity of cells in a given epithelium and they showed some typical features associated with the location. It should be noted that the area of AgNOR dots per nucleus and the area of a single AgNOR dot also positively correlated with the nuclear area.
Animals↗
Morphometric measurements of the nuclear area in proliferative thyroid lesions.
The aim of this study was to establish the diagnostic value of nuclear area in proliferative lesions of thyroid gland. This study included 98 histological preparations of thyroid and 57 cytological preparations (touch imprints). Morphometric analysis was performed using light microscopy, B/W CCD camera connected to the frame grabber card, computer PC AT 386/3 and morphometric software Vist and Morpho. Nuclear area was measured semiautomatically. Our study indicated that the nuclear area was significantly higher in cytological preparations and that size of nuclei seems to depend on the type of neoplasm and to a lesser extent on whether a given tumor was malignant or benign.
Adenoma↗
Fine needle aspiration cytology combined with argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in diagnosis of thyroid neoplasms.
NORs are the loops of DNA that contain the sites of ribosomal genes around which the nucleolus is formed during telophase of mitosis. In light microscopy they can be visualized by simple silver staining technique as small dark dots within the nucleus. It has been recognized that in many neoplasms, especially malignant AgNORs are more numerous and often atypical when compared with benign tumors and normal tissue. We have introduced this novel technique to the fine needle cytology of thyroid neoplasms (n = 56). We have analyzed the number, the area of AgNORs, the number of clustered AgNORs in the nucleus and the ratio of AgNOR area to the nuclear area and the area of single AgNOR by means of semiautomatic computerized image analysis. We have studied cytological samples consisting of 7 simple goiters, 7 hyperplasias, 15 follicular adenomas, 7 oxyphilic follicular adenomas, 6 follicular carcinomas, 8 oxyphilic follicular carcinomas, 6 papillary adenocarcinomas. In this study we have demonstrated that some differences in the AgNORs value are associated with the type of tumor rather than with malignancy. Location of the AgNORs seems to be very typical for some types of tumors. For example in oxyphilic neoplasms they form single clusters in the nucleus and in papillary adenocarcinomas they form at least two abundant clusters. In other proliferative lesions of the thyroid gland location of AgNORs is less typical.
Adenoma↗
Reactivity of bronchoalveolar space cells in lung asbestosis.
Preliminary studies to evaluate lymphocyte subsets bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and blood were carried out in a group of patients with lung asbestosis. The assessments were made by an indirect immunofluorescent method using monoclonal antibodies as a marker. The results were recorded on a flow cytofluorometer FASC-can. As compared with a control group, the patients with lung asbestosis showed a slight decrease in the total level of T lymphocytes (CD3) in BAL, however with a clearly disturbed proportion between T-helper (CD4) and T-suppressor (CD8) lymphocytes, which led to a decreased CD4/CD8 ratio. The blood level of T lymphocytes and their subsets in these patients approximated that in the controls. Heavy smoking was also found to enhance disorders in their number and proportion. The assessment of B lymphocytes (by using polyclonal antihuman immunoglobulins (sIg/FITC) showed a significantly high level of these lymphocytes in BAL with simultaneously low levels in blood in the same patients with lung asbestosis. We did not find a clear synergic effect of cigarette smoking on the levels of B lymphocytes in the studied group.
Adult↗
[Activity of bronchoalveolar cell population as an indicator of air pollution].
The aim of this study was the evaluation of cytological, immunocytological and cytochemical tests efficiency in describing the pulmonary alveoli cells activity in people chronically exposed to the polluted air. The detailed analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) obtained by rinsing of pulmonary alveoli in 36 cases of prolonged exposure to silica and asbestos dust, divided into non-smokers and smokers, was performed. The control were the patients free of any pathological pulmonary symptoms, in this number the inhabitants of Cracow. The BAL cells contribution and activity was evaluated by following methods: routine cytology (the number and percentage of cells), computer cytomorphometry (for assessment macrophage area), nitro-blue-tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test (macrophage activity) and indirect immunofluorescence with use of monoclonal antibodies (macrophage subsets) and FACS-star-PLUS flow cytometer (lymphocyte subsets). In the individuals chronically exposed to the different forms of air pollution we found the changes in number and proportions of bronchoalveolar space cells, the alterations in cell activity (especially pulmonary macrophages) and decrease in CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratio, that could indicate the apparent disturbances in the local cell resistance. According to our observation there is a synergistic action of tobacco smoking and air pollution. Finally, we may conclude, that BAL, was a non-invasive, repeatable method, useful for monitoring pulmonary changes due to dust exposure.
Adult↗
The intracerebroventricularly administered mast cells degranulator compound 48/80 increases the pituitary-adrenocortical activity in rats.
The effect of brain mast cells degranulation by compound 48/80 on the pituitary-adrenocortical activity, measured indirectly through corticosterone secretion, and the involvement of a histaminergic mechanism in that stimulation was investigated in conscious rats. All the drugs were given intracerebroventricularly (icv), histamine antagonists 15 min prior to compound 48/80. Compound 48/80 induced a significant dose- and time-related increase in the serum corticosterone levels. That increase, measured 1 h after administration of compound 48/80, was moderately diminished by icv pretreatment of rats with mepyramine and cimetidine, histamine H1- and H2-receptor antagonists. Three hours after administration of compound 48/80 mast cells of the thalamus and the hypothalamus were completely degranulated. At the same time the thalamus and the whole brain histamine levels were substantially higher than in the saline-treated control rats. The above results suggest that histamine liberated from the brain mast cells and central histamine receptors play a moderate role in increasing the pituitary-adrenocortical activity by compound 48/80.
Adrenal Cortex↗
Nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in the cells of normal mucosa and tumors of human colon.
The purpose of the present study was to analyse the differences in the number Ag-NORs dots in the selected cases of carcinomas and adenomas of the large intestine as well as in the stromal cells, surface epithelium and epithelium of crypts of the large intestine. Ag-NORs dots are consider to be argyrophilic proteins associated with so called nucleolar organizer regions (NORs). The increase in their number is regarded as a marker of metabolic and proliferative changes in the cells. In our material we found a definite statistical differences in the number of Ag-NORs dots in carcinomas, adenomas and normal mucosa of the colon. The problem of adenomas grade IV with visible signs of malignancy, atypical number of Ag-NORs is, however, controversial. This may be an indicator of the different growth dynamics of these adenomas.
Adenoma↗
[Possibilities of objective evaluation of local reactive cell infiltrates in transplantable tumors].
The studies on infiltrations consisting of reactive cells, i.e. lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils within and in the vicinity of neoplastic tissue were performed in order to elucidate the nature of the growth and to asses the role of these cells in human tumors. The objective methods for both qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the infiltrating cells are necessary to obtain comparable results. We report our studies on the numbers and types of reactive cells present in 3 transplantable murine tumors with different immunogenicity (SaL-1, LLC, MCA-Sa). The cytological characterization of cells was performed as following: after enzymic digestion of the tissue the cell suspension was then passed through Millipore filters and dyed. The preliminary evaluation of the percentage of lymphocytes T found in the tumor infiltrations was performed using cytotoxicity test with monoclonal antithymocytic serum (Monoclonal Anti-Mouse Thy 1, 2). We have shown that there are differences in the number and type of reactive cells in infiltrations of the three different tumor tested. With the increasing mass of tumors the percent of reactive cells decreases proportionally.
Animals↗
[Fine-needle biopsy in the early diagnosis of thyroid neoplasms].
Among the patients directed to the Department of Endocrinology of the Institute of Internal Medicine for diagnostic examinations of the thyroid, 726 (647 women and 79 men, of age between 16 and 79 years) were qualified to surgery after scintigraphic detection of cold nodules. From this group, 474 patients had thin-needle biopsy specimens taken for cytologic examination. The results of the latter examinations have been compared with those of histologic examination performed on the tissue removed during surgery. The occurrence of a malignant tumor (in 99.1%--thyroid cancer) was found in 108 patients (22.8%) from the group having thin-needle biopsy performed. Comparison of the results of cytologic examination with those of postoperative histologic examination demonstrated low sensitivity of biopsy examination (50.0%), as opposed to high specificity (96.2%) and high accuracy (85, 3%). Analysis of the false-negative results (54/108) revealed that the main causes of errors are difficulties in differentiation of adenoma from follicular carcinoma. Widening of the indications to surgery by a group of patients with adenoma will increase sensitivity to 84.8% and will require including into the operated group of about 50% of patients with scintigraphically diagnosed cold nodules: The introduction of the new term: "urgent strumectomy", has been proposed; also a diagnostic algorithm, useful for early diagnosis of malignant tumors of the thyroid, has been discussed.
Adolescent↗