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Z Chłap

Publications and source records attributed to Z Chłap.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Activity of bronchoalveolar cell population as an indicator of air pollution].

The aim of this study was the evaluation of cytological, immunocytological and cytochemical tests efficiency in describing the pulmonary alveoli cells activity in people chronically exposed to the polluted air. The detailed analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) obtained by rinsing of pulmonary alveoli in 36 cases of prolonged exposure to silica and asbestos dust, divided into non-smokers and smokers, was performed. The control were the patients free of any pathological pulmonary symptoms, in this number the inhabitants of Cracow. The BAL cells contribution and activity was evaluated by following methods: routine cytology (the number and percentage of cells), computer cytomorphometry (for assessment macrophage area), nitro-blue-tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test (macrophage activity) and indirect immunofluorescence with use of monoclonal antibodies (macrophage subsets) and FACS-star-PLUS flow cytometer (lymphocyte subsets). In the individuals chronically exposed to the different forms of air pollution we found the changes in number and proportions of bronchoalveolar space cells, the alterations in cell activity (especially pulmonary macrophages) and decrease in CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratio, that could indicate the apparent disturbances in the local cell resistance. According to our observation there is a synergistic action of tobacco smoking and air pollution. Finally, we may conclude, that BAL, was a non-invasive, repeatable method, useful for monitoring pulmonary changes due to dust exposure.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The intracerebroventricularly administered mast cells degranulator compound 48/80 increases the pituitary-adrenocortical activity in rats.

The effect of brain mast cells degranulation by compound 48/80 on the pituitary-adrenocortical activity, measured indirectly through corticosterone secretion, and the involvement of a histaminergic mechanism in that stimulation was investigated in conscious rats. All the drugs were given intracerebroventricularly (icv), histamine antagonists 15 min prior to compound 48/80. Compound 48/80 induced a significant dose- and time-related increase in the serum corticosterone levels. That increase, measured 1 h after administration of compound 48/80, was moderately diminished by icv pretreatment of rats with mepyramine and cimetidine, histamine H1- and H2-receptor antagonists. Three hours after administration of compound 48/80 mast cells of the thalamus and the hypothalamus were completely degranulated. At the same time the thalamus and the whole brain histamine levels were substantially higher than in the saline-treated control rats. The above results suggest that histamine liberated from the brain mast cells and central histamine receptors play a moderate role in increasing the pituitary-adrenocortical activity by compound 48/80.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1991

Nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in the cells of normal mucosa and tumors of human colon.

The purpose of the present study was to analyse the differences in the number Ag-NORs dots in the selected cases of carcinomas and adenomas of the large intestine as well as in the stromal cells, surface epithelium and epithelium of crypts of the large intestine. Ag-NORs dots are consider to be argyrophilic proteins associated with so called nucleolar organizer regions (NORs). The increase in their number is regarded as a marker of metabolic and proliferative changes in the cells. In our material we found a definite statistical differences in the number of Ag-NORs dots in carcinomas, adenomas and normal mucosa of the colon. The problem of adenomas grade IV with visible signs of malignancy, atypical number of Ag-NORs is, however, controversial. This may be an indicator of the different growth dynamics of these adenomas.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1989

[Possibilities of objective evaluation of local reactive cell infiltrates in transplantable tumors].

The studies on infiltrations consisting of reactive cells, i.e. lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils within and in the vicinity of neoplastic tissue were performed in order to elucidate the nature of the growth and to asses the role of these cells in human tumors. The objective methods for both qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the infiltrating cells are necessary to obtain comparable results. We report our studies on the numbers and types of reactive cells present in 3 transplantable murine tumors with different immunogenicity (SaL-1, LLC, MCA-Sa). The cytological characterization of cells was performed as following: after enzymic digestion of the tissue the cell suspension was then passed through Millipore filters and dyed. The preliminary evaluation of the percentage of lymphocytes T found in the tumor infiltrations was performed using cytotoxicity test with monoclonal antithymocytic serum (Monoclonal Anti-Mouse Thy 1, 2). We have shown that there are differences in the number and type of reactive cells in infiltrations of the three different tumor tested. With the increasing mass of tumors the percent of reactive cells decreases proportionally.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Fine-needle biopsy in the early diagnosis of thyroid neoplasms].

Among the patients directed to the Department of Endocrinology of the Institute of Internal Medicine for diagnostic examinations of the thyroid, 726 (647 women and 79 men, of age between 16 and 79 years) were qualified to surgery after scintigraphic detection of cold nodules. From this group, 474 patients had thin-needle biopsy specimens taken for cytologic examination. The results of the latter examinations have been compared with those of histologic examination performed on the tissue removed during surgery. The occurrence of a malignant tumor (in 99.1%--thyroid cancer) was found in 108 patients (22.8%) from the group having thin-needle biopsy performed. Comparison of the results of cytologic examination with those of postoperative histologic examination demonstrated low sensitivity of biopsy examination (50.0%), as opposed to high specificity (96.2%) and high accuracy (85, 3%). Analysis of the false-negative results (54/108) revealed that the main causes of errors are difficulties in differentiation of adenoma from follicular carcinoma. Widening of the indications to surgery by a group of patients with adenoma will increase sensitivity to 84.8% and will require including into the operated group of about 50% of patients with scintigraphically diagnosed cold nodules: The introduction of the new term: "urgent strumectomy", has been proposed; also a diagnostic algorithm, useful for early diagnosis of malignant tumors of the thyroid, has been discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Delayed hypersensitivity to polyoma and "self" antigens in syngeneic mice.

Using the tail swelling test, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to tumor and self antigens accompanying the development of syngeneic polyoma tumor in CBA mice was observed. The soluble polyoma cell-surface antigen contained both polyoma and H-2k specificities and induced weak proliferation response of spleen cells in the presence of Il-2 in vitro. Appearance of a measurable tail swelling reaction at the side of the midtail, subcutaneous injection of the eliciting antigen not earlier than at 16th hour, maximum of swelling after 24 hours and the results of histological examination proved that the swelling was caused by a typical DTH to the antigens. Maximum DTH to both antigens occurred in the mice 6 days after polyoma cell transplantation (about 3 days before the appearance of palpable tumor) and weakened as the tumor progressed. DTH activity was transferred by spleen T lymphocytes to naive recipients. Five-day restimulation of splenocytes from polyoma transplanted donors with antigen in the presence of Il-2 led to an increase of antigen-lymphocytes affinity but resulted in a decrease of DTH activity of these cells. The mechanisms of these processes are still discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Changes in mucus secretion during chemical carcinogenesis in the rat colon.

Adenomatous polyps and adenocarcinomas with variety of the precancerous stages have been induced by intraectally injection of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. The aim of our experiments have been to study some quantitative and qualitative changes in mucus secretion both in the neoplasm and in transitional area surrounding tumor. The changes in composition of mucus confirmed by several histochemical methods reflect the earliest morphologically observable stage of malignant transformation in colonic mucosa.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Chemical hazards connected with electrochemical machining. I. Toxicity of nitric oxides and chlorine lesions in rats' parenchymatous organs].

In rats exposed for 12 weeks to the mixture of nitric oxides (0.34--2.81 mg/m3) and chlorine (0.61--1.50 mg/m3) the following changes were found: increased methemoglobin concentration (MetHb), increased partial pressure, increased total carbon dioxide concentration (pCO2 TCO2), increased current dicarbonate concentration (AB), and increased buffer bases (BB). In addition, asparagine transferase activity (aspAT), alanine aminotransferase (A1AT), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and hepatic isoenzyme of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH5) in serum were found to be increased. Histopathological examination revealed: inflammatory lesions and edema of pulmonary parenchyma, alveolar emphysema and edema of connective tissue of palpetra derm with mastocytes. Chronic exposure to low concentrations of nitric oxides and chlorine induces, apart from local lesions in conjunctivae, pulmonary lesions leading to respiratory acidosis compensated by metabolic alkalosis, or liberation of indicatory enzymes through impaired cells.

Acidosis, Respiratory↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of brain mast cells degranulation on the corticosterone response to stimulation of central opioid receptors in rats.

The influence of brain mast cells degranulation, exerted by compound 48/80 given intracerebroventricularly, on the opioid-induced stimulation of the pituitary-adrenal axis, measured indirectly through corticosterone secretion, was investigated in conscious rats. The mu- and delta-opioid receptor agonists Leu-enkephalinamide, morphine and beta-endorphin, given intracerebroventricularly, dose-dependently increased the serum corticosterone levels. The effect of Leu-enkephalinamide was not changed by pretreatment with the histamine H1- and H2-receptor antagonists mepyramine and cimetidine. When Leu-enkephalinamide, morphine and beta-endorphin were given 3 hr after compound 48/80, the serum corticosterone levels were higher than after either one of these drugs given separately, which suggests an independent mechanism of action. In rats pretreated 24 hr earlier with compound 48/80, i.e., when brain mast cells were completely degranulated, the stimulating effect of morphine was almost abolished and the effects of Leu-enkephalinamide and beta-endorphin were considerably reduced. Since the histamine levels in the whole brain and thalamus were elevated 3 and 24 hr after administration of compound 48/80, these results suggest that factors other than histamine depletion from brain mast cells by compound 48/80 may be responsible for the dramatic impairment of the stimulating effect of morphine, Leu-enkephalinamide and beta-endorphin on the pituitary-adrenal axis.

Animals↗