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Biomedical subjects

Z Seidl

Publications and source records attributed to Z Seidl.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Amygdalar volume and psychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: an MRI analysis.

OBJECTIVES: We measured the volumes of the amygdala to test the hypothesis that the reduction of amygdalar volume may be associated with psychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven patients underwent neuropsychological investigation including the assessment of general clinical severity by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head, from which the volumes of the amygdalae were measured. The obtained values were compared with those of controls (n = 15). RESULTS: Patients with Alzheimer's dementia showed significant reduction in MRI volumetric measurements compared with controls. We found a significant correlation of MMSE score and absolute amygdala volume (r = 0.62, P < 0.01). Neither the absolute nor relative volume of the amygdala showed any correlation with NPI scores. CONCLUSIONS: The atrophy of the amygdala does not have a direct association with the existence of neuropsychiatric symptoms. MRI volumetry of the amygdala may be relevant as a marker of dementia severity in Alzheimer's disease.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

[Antiphospholipid syndrome--the description of two cases].

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) often occurs in young people, it is defined by the presence of venous or arterial thromboses, repeated miscarriages, thrombocytopenias and increased levels of antiphospholipid antibodies. Clinical symptoms are different, there is often experienced the phlebothrombosis of lower limbs, miscarriages or neurological symptoms characterized by transient ischemic attacks (TIA). If APS is associated with other system disease, most often with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), it is called secondary APS. We present two cases of secondary APS in the work. In first case we describe synchronous occurrence of SLE with secondary APS, which was clinically manifested by phlebothrombosis of veins of crus. At another elder patient there was stated the diagnosis of non-differentiated disease of bonding agent with secondary APS with cardial, pneumonic and neurological clinical symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Reduced hypothalamic gray matter in narcolepsy with cataplexy.

OBJECTIVES: Narcolepsy with cataplexy is associated with a loss of hypocretin. The question is, if there is an autoimmune or neurodegenerative process selectively killing the hypothalamic hypocretin-containing neurons or if these cells survive but fail to produce hypocretin. To support one of these hypothesis we aimed to detect structural changes in the hypothalamus of narcoletic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen narcoleptic patients were compared to 16 healthy controls. We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM), an unbiased MRI morphometric method with a high sensitivity for subtle changes in gray and white matter volumes to investigate hypothalamic region in this condition. RESULTS: Classical MRI protocol revealed no structural abnormalities, but using VBM we found significant reduction in hypothalamic gray matter volumes between patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS: VBM showed hypothalamic gray matter loss in narcolepsy with cataplexy. This suggest that functional abnormalities of hypocretin neurons in narcolepsy are associated with structural changes of hypothalamus.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

The examination of the temporomandibular joint on 1,5T magnetic resonance.

The most frequent intraarticular disorder of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) represents the disorder of the functional relation between the articular disc and mandible condyle, i.e. dislocation of the articular disc. Magnetic resonance (MR) optimally visualizes the soft and hard articular tissues (articular disc, articular socket and condyle of the mandible) and its surroundings. The aim of the study was to evaluate findings of MR investigation of the TMJ. We investigated billateraly 26 patients with TMJ disorders during the years 1996 and 2003. All patients were examined on 1,5 T MR. Joints were studied in T1 and T2 weighted images with closed mouth and during mouth opening in dynamic study. MR verified dysfunction was observed in 48 investigated TMJ (92,3 %), hydrops of the joint was observed in 3 joints (5,8 %), arthrosis of the condylar head in 4 patients (7,6 %). Only four TMJ had normal MR finding (7,6 %). MR represents the best method for studying clinically affected joints, for the evaluation of the morphological state of TMJ and the analysis of the dynamic process during mouth opening. Method is also useful for revealing of a disorder in clinically silent joints. T2 weighted image in TSE mode brought best imaging of the joint. The fat saturation sequence was advantageous mainly in liquid storage (hydrops of the joint, edema in the adjacent bone). The dimensions of the articular cleft and bone components of the joint were well-visualized in T1 weighted images.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Multiple sclerosis and magnetic resonance].

Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating process presently referred to autoimmune diseases. Its diagnostics is based on clinical examination and paraclinical tests (magnetic resonance, examination of CSF and evoked potentials recording). Magnetic resonance (MR) has the highest significance, both for the diagnostics and for the monitoring of the course of disease and results of treatment. Results of magnetic resonance are not specific for the multiple sclerosis and therefore for the reliable diagnosis the McDonadl's criteria have to be fulfilled. It appears that magnetic resonance is more sensitive to progression of disease than the clinical examination. Monitoring of the course of disease requires new techniques of MR imaging. Automatic, software assisted determination of plaque volumes in T2 and T1 weighted images--so called "lesion load", is checked during the patient's treatment. Assessment of brain volume determines progression of atrophy. The aim of all the new methods of MR imaging is to search for a reliable technique of the disease monitoring and namely for the prediction of disease progression.

Brain↗
PubMed2002

Adipose tissue distribution in obese females. Relationship to androgens, cortisol, growth hormone and leptin.

Adipose tissue distribution predicts development of obesity complications better than total adipose tissue content. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of the hormonal factors contributing to the adipose tissue distribution in obese females. The cohort examined consisted of 94 women in the range of overweight to obesity, aged 44.2 +/- 11.2 years (21-67), weight 100.1 +/- 17.5 kg (65.8-148), BMI 37.13 +/- 5.72 kg/m2 (26.4-50.7). Adipose tissue (AT) distribution was examined by CT at level L4/5 and intraabdominal adipose tissue and the subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue area (IAAT and SAAT, respectively) were determined. Growth hormone (GH), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), cortisol, testosterone, androstene-dione, SHBG, total thyroxine, total triiodothyronine (T3), TSH and leptin were assessed by routine methods by RIA and CLIA. GH, DHEA and DHEA-S correlated significantly negatively with IAAT (r = -0.24, p < 0.05, r = -0.30, p < 0.01, r = -0.34, p < 0.005, respectively). A borderline significant negative correlation of T3 with IAAT was shown (r = -0.20, p = 0.054). A significant positive correlation of SAAT with total testosterone and serum leptin was found (r = 0.27, p < 0.01, r = 0.64, p < 0.001, respectively). When comparing the difference of individual hormone levels between the 1st and 5th quintile of IAAT, no significant difference between the groups was found after adjustment for weight and age. In contrast, when comparing the 1st and 5th quintile according to the SAAT a significantly lower total testosterone and leptin in the 1st quintile of SAAT was found. Only in leptin the difference remained significant after adjustment for adipose tissue content. In conclusion, the results suggest that the relationship of individual hormones examined in this study to the central adipose tissue distribution are mostly mediated by age and adipose tissue content; they do not seem to be in a causal connection with the intraabdominal adipose tissue content. The only exception concerns leptin, which is significantly related to the subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue area.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2001

Magnetic resonance imaging in diplegic form of cerebral palsy.

Eighteen children with diplegic form of cerebral palsy (CP) underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) because of the enlarged occipital horns of both lateral ventricles found on previous computerized tomography (CT). In 16 of them squint was present. MRI in flow attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and turbo spin echo (TSE) modes (T2 weighted images) best showed white matter lesions in occipital areas in all patients with squint, while no white matter changes could be detected in CT (in retrospect), thus proving the superiority of MRI in examining CP children. The authors postulate that the hemispheric occipital lesion causing impairment of visual co-ordination may result in squint.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma].

The standard diagnostic and staging evaluation of prostate cancer includes digital rectal examination, transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level measurement, abdominal pelvic CT and radionuclide bone scan. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (especially endorectal magnetic resonance) opens new possibilities for diagnostic imaging of the prostate. It seems to be better for detecting seminal vesicle invasion. Unfortunately, sensitivity in evaluation of minor capsular and seminal penetration is low and differentiation between haemorrhage, chronic inflammatory, fibrotic changes and tumours is impossible.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1999

MRI in an unusually protracted neuronopathic variant of acid sphingomyelinase deficiency.

MRI was performed in two siblings with the neuropathic sphingomyelinase deficiency caused by identical mixed heterozygosity in the structural acid sphingomyelinase gene. The clinical phenotype of the cases is unique in showing a rather protracted course, both having reached the fourth decade. Pronounced cerebellar and mild supratentorial atrophy was seen on MRI in both siblings, in contrast to their strikingly different clinical status. One has no overt neurological deficit, while the second had neocerebellar symptoms and signs, nystagmus and cranial nerve palsies for some years. The MRI findings, together with the cherry-red spot in the ocular fundus, ultrastructurally proved storage in cutaneous nerve Schwann cells and the histopathologically proven brain neuronal storage in a third sibling who died after a relatively rapid course dominated by fatal visceral storage, is evidence that a remarkably restricted neuropathology can be caused by this enzymopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Osteoblastoma in lumbar vertebral body.

We report a young man with low back pain suspected to have a disc protrusion. Imaging suggested a tumour of the dorsal portion of the fifth lumbar vertebral body. Operation suggested a giant-cell tumour and subsequent histology showed an osteoblastoma. All typical imaging features of osteoblastoma are demonstrated in this rather uncommon location. Contrast-enhancing bone-marrow oedema on MRI, with mild enhancement of the tumour, together with the CT appearances were the clues to the diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[EEG findings in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus].

We have examined electroencephalography (EEG) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in 38 patients with verified diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In the clinical neurological finding there were epileptic attacks in 9 patients, 10 patients suffered from stroke, 15 patients from lupus headache, 4 patients from psychosis, in 15 patients cranial neuropathy was present, in one person extrapyramidal syndrome. EEG findings were in 12 patients normal (32%), in 26 patients abnormal (66%). In 3 cases there were focal abnormalities (8%), in 19 cases episodic ones (48%), four times abnormalities were diffuse (10%). Diffuse abnormalities correlated in EEG findings with case history of GM attacks.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Differential diagnosis of expansive lesions in the sellar region using magnetic resonance imaging].

Diagnosis of the type of expansive pathological lesion in the sellar region is of fundamental importance. Magnetic resonance is an imaging method which proved dominant and provides most information from the sellar region. Although no sign in the MR image is quite specific for a certain lesion, the substrate diagnosis can be assessed with a considerable probability. The presented paper gives an account of the authors experience supplemented by literature on the problem.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1998

[Therapeutic effect of Myolastan on increased muscle tone of various etiologies].

The authors tested in 101 patients the clinical effect of Myolastan (tetrazepam), generic name 1,4, benzodiazepine (BZD), in indications with increased muscular tonus of varying etiology. The drug has a balanced affinity to central and peripheral benzodiazepine receptors, it enhances the presynaptic inhibition of GABAergig neurones at the peripheral and supraspinal level. Clinical experience has shown that a decline of the increased muscular tonus in the affected segment mitigates subjective complaints, in particular pain, if the dosage and time of administration are adjusted for every individual patient. A favourable effect was proved during clinical administration to a heterogeneous group of patients which reflects the spectrum of our ambulatory patients with a locally increase muscle tonus. In addition to vertebrogenic complaints, non-discogenic and discogenic (proved by MR or CT), the group of patients comprised also some with multiple sclerosis. In the latter a favourable effect was recorded in 50%. The effect on spasticity in these patients was comparable with other drugs used by the patients before administration of Myolastan. The heterogeneous group of the remaining patients to whom Myolastan was administered suggests its possible further indications, without the possibility of significant conclusions. Possible side-effects could be eliminated by the administration of low doses in the evening or at night. Myolastan extends the range of drugs which have an impact on an increased muscular tonus.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed1997

[Magnetic resonance imaging of intracerebral hemorrhage].

Computerized tomography (CT) followed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) several years later enabled first the direct visualization of extravascular blood and products of it's degradation. Protein component of hemoglobin is from over 90% responsible for the hyperdensity of CT image in case of a hemorrhage, whereas paramagnetic properties of hemoglobin derivates are responsible for signal changes in MRI. CT is capable to diagnose accurately just an acute hemorrhage. It changes towards hypodensity in 3 weeks with posthemorrhagic pseudocyst as a final result that has rather low specificity. Differentiation from contusion, ischemic lesion or even astrocytoma may be difficult. CT has thus "short memory" for hemorrhage. MRI can differentiate 5 stages of hemorrhage according to the time schedule: hyperacute, acute, subacute stage I, subacute stage II and chronic. Sequel of a hemorrhage is detectable even years after the hemorrhagic event. The development of intracranial hemorrhage in daily routine MR imaging is described and documented to serve as a guide of model situation for the use of physician.

Brain↗
PubMed1996

[Imaging methods, particularly magnetic resonance, in multiple sclerosis].

Multiple sclerosis (MS) can only be diagnosed with a certain probability. There are neither any specific moments in the medical history of the patient, nor clinical or paraclinical tests as well as their combinations that would prove the diagnosis. In the daily routine the most common criteria we use are of Schumacher, Poser and Bartel. Until the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) had been introduced into the clinical practice, imaging methods were used to exclude other treatable lesions (e.g. tumors, arteriovenous malformations etc.), even though computerized tomography (CT) successfully demonstrated some of the plaques. In the MS CT is both insufficiently sensitive as well as specific. On the contrary MRI is in the MS highly sensitive, 92-98% specificity has been achieved among clinical definite cases. MR is nowadays a method of choice for not only the diagnosis but also for the further follow up of our MS patients. Multiple focal hyperintense lesions on T2 weighted images (T2WI) or the flow attenuated inversion recovery imaging mode (FLAIR) are the typical pathological findings.

Brain↗
PubMed1996

[False-negative native CT findings in the development of cerebral ischemia].

BACKGROUND: The "fogging effect" in the native CT picture of the brain masks in case of a cerebrovascular attack the pathological finding of hypodensity by creating a neovascular net necessary for the clearing activity of macrophages. METHODS AND RESULTS: The "fogging effect" was diagnosed on CT and monitored as a transient finding in a patient after a cerebrovascular attack. The submitted paper analyzes in detail and explains the dynamically developing clinical symptomatology of the patient. CONCLUSIONS: The "fogging effect" can be the source of erroneous clinical interpretation of a CT finding. It is important to know about its existence, and in case of diagnostic doubts, consider the i.v. administration of a contrast substance even though the perfusion may temporarily deteriorate. Visualization of an ischaemic focus by contrast provides unequivocal evidence of the extent and site of malacia.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Mechanism of growth of giant intracranial vascular aneurysms. Its demonstration using computer tomography and angiography].

The authors demonstrate three patients with gigantic intracranial aneurysms diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) and angiography (AG). The aneurysm was visualized on the CT as an expansive isodense to slightly hyperdense focus with a sharp hypodense borderline. After administration of the contrast substance the small focus was stained centrally or the slightly excentrically located focus (non-thrombotized portion of the aneurysm); the thrombotized portion of the aneurysm does not change, borders of the aneurysm are more marked (pseudomembrane, highly vascularized fibrous tissue). A number of authors describe findings confirmed on surgery or necropsy where haemorrhage into aneurysmal wall is apparent. Those findings suggest a similar mechanism of growth of the gigantic arterial aneurysm, as assumed in chronic subdural haematomas and encapsulated growing intracranial haematomas. It is assumed that haemorrhage into the aneurysmal wall is covered by a fibrous membrane into which further haemorrhage may occur, the entire cycle is repeated and thus the aneurysm grows. The clinical symptoms are due to the expansive character manifested only when the aneurysm has reached a certain size.

Adolescent↗