PubMed · 10027281
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G K Aguirre. 1999. Face recognition turned upside-down.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80670-4
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The functional architecture of the object vision pathway in the human brain was investigated using functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure patterns of response in ventral temporal cortex while subjects viewed faces, cats, five categories of man-made objects, and nonsense pictures. A distinct pattern of response was found for each stimulus category. The distinctiveness of the response to a given category was not due simply to the regions that responded maximally to that category, because the category being viewed also could be identified on the basis of the pattern of response when those regions were excluded from the analysis. Patterns of response that discriminated among all categories were found even within cortical regions that responded maximally to only one category. These results indicate that the representations of faces and objects in ventral temporal cortex are widely distributed and overlapping.
The main purpose of the present paper was: (1) to study the phase synchronization pattern in the gamma-band while performing the classical Shepard-Metzler task of mental rotation; (2) to investigate the role of musical training; and (3) to study hemispheric differences in the degree of synchronization during mental rotation. Multivariate electroencephalograph signals from 20 male subjects (ten musicians and ten non-musicians) were recorded while performing the mental rotation task and also at resting condition. Phase synchronization was measured by a recent index, mean phase coherence. It was found that synchronization between frontal cortex and right parietal cortex was significantly increased during mental rotation with respect to rest, whereby musicians showed significantly higher degrees of synchronization than non-musicians. Left hemispheric dominance in the degree of phase synchronization, stronger in the posterior right parietal and occipital regions, was observed in musicians. Right hemispheric dominance was generally observed in non-musicians.
We studied neuromagnetic responses to sniffing air and odor of lemon, lavender or soy sauce in two human subjects. Simple averaging of the data with respect to the onsets of the sniffs yielded odor-specific evoked responses over the right cortex with peak latency about 350 ms after the onsets. When the data were passed through band-pass filters centered around 48 Hz and of 320 ms in duration, rectified and then averaged, they yielded peaks, indicating transient oscillations, over the right frontal cortex with longer latency. We found such peaks in only 9 out of 26 experiments of sniffing odor, however.