[Endoscopic forehead, face and neck lifting].

Abstract

Endoscopic procedures are a more recent addition to the techniques of aesthetic plastic surgery of the head and neck region. This "buttonhole surgery" appeals particularly to patients and plastic surgeons alike because of tiny scars and reduced morbidity. The technique of video-assisted surgery with monitor control must be learned and practiced in teaching courses with hands-on experience in the laboratory. The indication for endoscopic forehead lifting is already well established. There is only a relative indication for endoscopic neck lifting. In the midface, the endoscope may more safely facilitate subperiosteal composite dissection. The results and the nature and rate of complications is comparable to conventional facelifting techniques. In the forehead, the endoscope renders the large bi-coronal scalping incision unnecessary. Good candidates are younger individuals with elastic skin and without major skin surplus. Long-term results are not yet available.