PubMed · 10320294
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J Wright. 1999. Left atrial replacement.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4975(98)01218-1
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We report an unusual case of rhinolith in the nasal septum in an 11-year-old girl. The rhinolith was detected on X-radiographs made for the planning of an orthodontic treatment. There were no symptoms like nasal obstruction, chronic infection or epistaxis in the young patient. The histopathologic examination after surgical removal showed hyaline cartilage, local fibrosis and pronounced hemosiderosis, indicating possible prior bleeding. Therefore, an endogenic etiology of the intraseptal rhinolith, e.g. a prior trauma of the nasal septum, is assumed. A review of the literature is included.
BACKGROUND: Virtual reality techniques have recently been introduced into clinical medicine. This study examines the possibility of coronary artery fly-through using a dataset obtained by noninvasive coronary angiography with contrast-enhanced electron-beam computed tomography. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ten patients were examined, and 40 to 60 transaxial tomograms (thickness, 1.5 mm; in-plane pixel dimensions, approximately 0.5x0.5 mm) were obtained after intravenous contrast injection. The datasets were processed on a graphics workstation using volume-rendering software. For fly-throughs, the contrast-enhanced lumen was made transparent and other tissue was made opaque. Then, key frames were selected in a path through the vessel, with software interpolation of frames between key frames. A typical movie contained 150 to 300 frames (10 to 15 key frames). Fly-throughs of coronary bypass grafts (n=3), left anterior descending arteries (LAD; n=6), and the intermediate branch (n=1) were reconstructed. Coronary calcifications were seen in 3 patients. The fly-through of the intermediate branch, the bypass grafts, and one of the LADs did not show any irregularities. In 2 cases, a stenosis was visible in the LAD; its presence was confirmed by conventional coronary angiography. CONCLUSIONS: Recent developments in fast-volume rendering using special-purpose hardware in combination with noninvasive coronary angiography with electron beam computed tomography have provided the possibility of performing coronary artery fly-throughs.
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