PubMed HealthSearch

PubMed · 10439143

Does classroom amplification aid comprehension?

Abstract

Many classrooms are noisy and this interferes with listening and teaching. FM soundfield (FM) amplification systems have been developed which provide a uniform soundfield throughout the classroom and increase the speech-signal:noise ratio. The effect on comprehension of such a system was investigated. Forty-nine pupils (comprising the two top classes of a mainstream primary school) participated in this study, with a mean age of 9.92 years (range 8.58-11.42 years). The Neale Analysis of Reading Ability (Neale, 1988a, b) was modified and administered as a spoken comprehension test. Tests of nonverbal intelligence, auditory memory and a questionnaire were given. The passages spoken though the FM amplification system were understood better than the comparable unamplified passages. Auditory memory, sex and non-verbal intelligence had no effect on improved comprehension. FM amplification significantly improved comprehension and could be considered for use in other schools.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

P Arnold, D Canning. 1999. Does classroom amplification aid comprehension?. https://doi.org/10.3109/03005369909090096

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

A broadband phased-array system for direct phosphorus and sodium metabolic MRI on a clinical scanner.

Despite their proven gains in signal-to-noise ratio and field-of-view for routine clinical MRI, phased-array detection systems are currently unavailable for nuclei other than protons (1H). A broadband phased-array system was designed and built to convert the 1H transmitter signal to the non-1H frequency for excitation and to convert non-1H phased-array MRI signals to the 1H frequency for presentation to the narrowband 1H receivers of a clinical whole-body 1.5 T MRI system. With this system, the scanner operates at the 1H frequency, whereas phased-array MRI occurs at the frequency of the other nucleus. Pulse sequences were developed for direct phased-array sodium (23Na) and phosphorus (31P) MRI of high-energy phosphates using chemical selective imaging, thereby avoiding the complex processing and reconstruction required for phased-array magnetic resonance spectroscopy data. Flexible 4-channel 31P and 23Na phased-arrays were built and the entire system tested in phantom and human studies. The array produced a signal-to-noise ratio improvement of 20% relative to the best-positioned single coil, but gains of 300-400% were realized in many voxels located outside the effective field-of-view of the single coil. Cardiac phosphorus and sodium MRI were obtained in 6-13 min with 16 and 0.5 mL resolution, respectively. Lower resolution human cardiac 23Na MRI were obtained in as little as 4 sec. The system provides a practical approach to realizing the advantages of phased-arrays for nuclei other than 1H, and imaging metabolites directly.

Amplifiers, Electronic

Human studies of a piezoelectric transducer and a microphone for a totally implantable electronic hearing device.

OBJECTIVE: For the surgical treatment of patients with moderate and severe sensorineural hearing loss, the authors have developed a totally implantable hearing device, the totally integrated cochlea amplifier (TICA). To evaluate the effectiveness of transducer and microphone of this device, three separate human studies were conducted. STUDY DESIGN: The first study using transducer prototypes involved self experiments in investigators with normal hearing. The second study used the transducer prototypes in patients with hearing loss, and the third study involved the temporary implantation of the final transducer prototype and microphone in patients undergoing otologic surgery. PATIENTS: In routine middle ear surgery, transducer prototypes were coupled to the ossicular chain of 28 patients. In addition to the transducer, in 5 patients the microphone was placed beneath the skin of the auditory canal, allowing the skin to cover the microphone membrane completely. RESULTS: The piezoelectric transducer reached an equivalent sound pressure level of 145 dB SPL < or =10 kHz. The dynamics for music reached 32 dB, which was identical with the results of the preoperative investigations using high-fidelity headsets (33 dB). The low nonlinear distortions of <0.1% and the frequency range of 10 kHz are reflected in the positive evaluation of the sound quality by 84% of the patients involved. When phonetically balanced speech material and music were presented under free field conditions at a sound level of 65 dB SPL, understanding of the phonetically balanced speech material was 100%. Most patients judged the presentations of music as clear and undistorted with all broadband components. CONCLUSIONS: Data in humans on the performance of the two main components of the TICA implant, the transducer and the microphone, are reported.

Amplifiers, Electronic