PubMed Health⌕ Search
Home/Archive/PubMed

PubMed · 1053191

[Research based on clinical observations].

H Röding
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

The author tries to define the field of "Clinical observations research". According to this definition there are three main causes for several false developments in medicine: the valuation of observations and statements on the level of hypothesis, the identification of statistical correlations with causal connections, and the stopping of investigations on the level of twodimensional analysis. To get a high level of probability of results in "Clinical observations research" it is necessary to use methods of multivariante analysis, as it is demonstrated in three examples from the field of general surgery and traumatology.

Explore related subjects

Factor Analysis, StatisticalHumansLogicResearch DesignStatistics as TopicEnglish AbstractJournal Article

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

H Röding. 1975. [Research based on clinical observations].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1053191/

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

PubMed2006

Brief fear of negative evaluation scale-revised.

Rodebaugh et al. [2004: Psychol Assess 2:169-181] recently performed a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation scale (BFNE; Leary, 1983: Psychol Bull 9:371-375]. Their study resulted in the emergence of a two-factor solution comprising straightforwardly worded items and reverse-worded items. They concluded by recommending use of only the straightforwardly worded items in the BFNE. Our intent in this study was to evaluate this recommendation through replication and extension. Participants included 385 undergraduates from the Universities of Regina and Houston, who provided responses to a questionnaire battery including either the BFNE or a revision utilizing straightforwardly worded versions of the reverse-worded items (BFNE-II). A CFA of the BFNE, using the two-factor model proposed by Rodebaugh et al., supported their conclusion that the reverse-worded items comprise a separate, methodologically based factor. However, CFA of the BFNE-II resulted in an acceptable unitary model that conforms to the theoretical basis for the BFNE, without risking loss of sensitivity from item removal. Additional analyses suggest use of the BFNE-II rather than a shortened form.

Factor Analysis, Statistical↗
PubMed2006

Factorial validation of a French short-form of the Working Alliance Inventory.

Evaluation of the therapeutic alliance is crucial for understanding the therapeutic process and its results. However, few instruments are available in French. This article aims to validate a French short form of the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI). Unlike other questionnaires, the WAI is the most widely used in psychotherapy research as well as in social psychiatry. Confirmatory factor analyses were carried out on a sample of 150 client-case manager dyads in order to determine the validity of this short-form instrument. The results of these confirmatory factor analyses allowed us to answer different authors' questions (Horvath and Greenberg, 1989; Tracey and Kokotovic, 1989) regarding the factorial structure of the WAI. The results also indicated a unidimensional solution as being the most valid for the two samples. We suggest that, in future studies, only one score be considered for the evaluation of the WAI. We also suggest modifying two statements in the English and French versions in order to render a faithful comparison between the therapist and client versions.

Factor Analysis, Statistical↗
PubMed2006

Random intercept item factor analysis.

The common factor model assumes that the linear coefficients (intercepts and factor loadings) linking the observed variables to the latent factors are fixed coefficients (i.e., common for all participants). When the observed variables are participants' observed responses to stimuli, such as their responses to the items of a questionnaire, the assumption of common linear coefficients may be too restrictive. For instance, this may occur if participants consistently use the response scale idiosyncratically. To account for this phenomenon, the authors partially relax the fixed coefficients assumption by allowing the intercepts in the factor model to change across participants. The model is attractive when m factors are expected on the basis of substantive theory but m + 1 factors are needed in practice to adequately reproduce the data. Also, this model for single-level data can be fitted with conventional software for structural equation modeling. The authors demonstrate the use of this model with an empirical data set on optimism in which they compare it with competing models such as the bifactor and the correlated trait-correlated method minus 1 models.

Factor Analysis, Statistical↗