PubMed · 10750433
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G K Guseĭnov. 2000. [Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (lecture)].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10750433/
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Although meningococcal disease is rare in industrialized nations, Neisseria meningitidis holds a prominent position amongst pediatric infections because of the dramatic clinical presentation of the disease, high mortality, epidemic potential and the recent disappearance of many other important infectious diseases in developed countries through improvements in public health and vaccination. The precise nature of natural immunity to meningococci remains unknown, although a complex interaction between the organism and nasopharyngeal mucosal barrier, innate immune mechanisms and acquired immunity is involved. Study of the mechanisms of natural immunity may provide the key to development of vaccines that can reduce the burden of disease in early childhood.
CONTEXT: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been established as a cause of cervical cancer. Epidemiologic studies suggest that Chlamydia trachomatis infection also confers increased risk for cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Whether this risk is serotype-specific is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To study the association between exposure to different C trachomatis serotypes and subsequent development of cervical SCC. DESIGN AND SETTING: Longitudinal, nested case-control study within a cohort of 530 000 women who provided samples to serum banks in Finland, Norway, and Sweden. The data files were linked to respective national cancer registries. SUBJECTS: One hundred twenty-eight women who had developed invasive cervical SCC at least 12 months following serum donation. Each case had 3 matched controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Risk for the development of cervical SCC by IgG antibodies to 10 different C trachomatis serotypes, adjusted for antibodies to HPV types 16, 18, and 33 and for serum cotinine levels. RESULTS: Of specific C trachomatis serotypes, serotype G was most strongly associated with SCC (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 6.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1. 6-27.0). Other serotypes associated with SCC were I (OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.3-11.0) and D (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3-5.6). Presence of serum IgG antibodies to more than 1 serotype increased the adjusted ORs for SCC (P<.001 for trend). CONCLUSIONS: Chlamydia trachomatis serotype G is most strongly associated with subsequent development of cervical SCC. Increasing numbers of exposures to different C trachomatis serotypes also increases risk. Our results strengthen the evidence that there is a link between past C trachomatis infection and cervical SCC.
The aim of this study was to describe and compare salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody reactions to extracts of strains of three oral streptococci in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR4-positive and -DR4-negative subjects. Whole paraffin-stimulated saliva samples were collected from 27 apparently healthy subjects. Previous HLA typing showed that 20 subjects were DR4 positive and 7 were DR4 negative. HLA-DRB1*04 subtyping was performed among the DR4-positive subjects. Whole-cell antigen extracts from Streptococcus mutans (KPSK 2), Streptococcus sobrinus (OMZ 65) and Streptococcus parasanguis (Nt 62) were separated in SDS-PAGE. The antigens were immunoblotted with diluted saliva (Western blot), scanned and analyzed in a computer system. All immunoblot bands were recorded in DR4-positive and DR4-negative saliva pools, and bands with an optical density >or=0.1 were selected for analysis in individual salivas. The DR4-negative subjects in general had more immunoblot bands and more distinct bands than did the DR4-positive subjects. A higher concentration of total IgA in saliva was correlated with more bands, especially to antigens separated from S. mutans. When the number of bands was calculated per IgA unit, significant differences were observed between DR4-positive and DR4-negative salivas. This was particularly seen for S. mutans and S. parasanguis. As the number of bands was analyzed in relation to DR4 subgroups, DRB1*04, there was a lower salivary IgA activity to S. mutans in the DRB1*0401 and *0404. The variable level of correlation previously demonstrated for S. mutans colonisation and serologically defined DR4 positive subjects might be explained by the heterogeneity in this group, and the relation should be sought on a subgroup level.