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PubMed · 10795802

Repeatability of the Visual Manipulation Test.

M T Kulp·K Edwards
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The Getman-Henderson-Marcus Visual Manipulation Test (VMT) is a commonly used test of visualization with an objective scoring procedure. However, its repeatability has not been studied. PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to assess the repeatability of the VMT in children in the second through fourth grades. METHOD: The VMT was administered to the children (n = 193; mean age, 8.72 years) from a middle class elementary school near Columbus, Ohio. One class from each grade (n = 56) was retested by the same optometrist within 1 month. Repeatability analysis included plotting the difference vs. the mean of the scores obtained at the initial test and retest. RESULTS: All the children were able to complete the test. Means and SD's were found to be 5.23+/-1.98 for second graders, 5.76+/-2.10 for third graders, and 6.95+/-2.30 for fourth graders. The mean difference between test and retest scores was close to zero. The 95% limits of agreement were found to be -4.5 to 5.2. CONCLUSION: No consistent learning effect seemed to be present upon retest. However, analysis revealed poor repeatability for the VMT. Therefore, the VMT should not be used to monitor progress with therapy.

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ChildHumansObserver VariationOhioReproducibility of ResultsTime FactorsVision TestsVisual PerceptionClinical TrialComparative StudyJournal ArticleRandomized Controlled TrialResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

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M T Kulp, K Edwards. 2000. Repeatability of the Visual Manipulation Test.. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006324-200004000-00011

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