PubMed · 10818668
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M Wilcock. 1999. Antibiotic prescribing patterns.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10818668/
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The advantages of using capillary electrophoresis (CE) over other methodologies for determining pK(a) values of drugs in hydroorganic media are discussed. The focus of the discussion based upon the pK(a) values of a series of quinolones determined in acetonitrile (MeCN)--water mixtures by CE, liquid chromatography, potentiometric, and spectrophotometric methods.
The VITEK2 system was evaluated with 138 fresh consecutive routine clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates. Susceptibility results to 10 beta-lactams, three aminoglycosides and a quinolone were compared with those obtained following the NCCLS standard microdilution. API20E was used as reference method for identification. All but three isolates were correctly identified in 3 h at species level (97.8%), two isolates (1.4%) at genus level and only one isolate was misidentified. Overall essential agreement for susceptibility testing was 97.1%. Discrepancies were mainly observed with piperacillin (1.1%), cefuroxime (0.6%) and amoxycillin/clavulanate (0.3%). Discrepancies for aminoglycosides and ciprofloxacin were low (<0.1%). Minor, major and very major errors (NCCLS categories) were 4.1%, 0.2% and 6.1%, respectively. Very major errors were due to piperacillin (4.5%), ampicillin (0.8%) and amoxycillin/clavulanate (0.8%). The VITEK2 system gave accurate identification and susceptibility testing results of routine Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates.
Treatment of nosocomial bacteraemia is usually governed by the surveillance results of the particular unit. Such results are especially important when antimicrobial resistance rates are high. Multiresistant isolates including Gram-negatives producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases have been frequently reported in tertiary care units in Turkey. In this study, antimicrobial susceptibilities of Gram-negative blood isolates (n=348) were determined by microbroth dilution tests. The results showed carbapenems (meropenem and imipenem) to be uniformly more potent in vitro than any other drug against the Enterobacteriaceae. Quinolone antibiotics were more active in vitro than aminoglycosides against a range of bacteria. Gram-negative bloodstream isolates were highly resistant to many antimicrobial agents in the hospital. In order to prevent hospital infection and antimicrobial resistance, surveillance of aetiological agents must be performed regularly.