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A randomized controlled study on the effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention program in the primary prevention of asthma in high-risk infants.

M Chan-Yeung·J Manfreda·H Dimich-Ward·A Ferguson·W Watson·A Becker
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of asthma has increased in developed countries in the past 2 decades. The effectiveness of intervention measures on the primary prevention of asthma has not been well studied. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention program in the primary prevention of asthma in high-risk infants (in this study, infants are defined as persons from birth to the age of 1 year). DESIGN: Prospective, prenatally randomized, controlled study with follow-up through the age of 1 year. SETTING: University hospital-based settings at 2 Canadian centers: Vancouver, British Columbia, and Winnipeg, Manitoba. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 545 high-risk infants (at least 1 first-degree relative with asthma or 2 first-degree relatives with other IgE-mediated allergic diseases) identified before birth. INTERVENTIONS: Avoidance of house dust mite and pet allergens and environmental tobacco smoke, encouragement of breastfeeding, and supplementation with a partially hydrolyzed formula. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Probable or possible asthma, rhinitis without apparent colds, and a prick skin test result positive for common inhalant allergens. RESULTS: Thirty-eight (15.1%) of the 251 infants available for assessment in the intervention group and 49 (20.2%) of the 242 infants available for assessment in the control group fulfilled the criteria for possible or probable asthma (adjusted relative risk, 0.66; 90% confidence interval, 0.44-0.98). Also, 16.7% of the infants in the intervention group and 27.3% of the infants in the control group developed rhinitis without colds (adjusted relative risk, 0.51; 90% confidence interval, 0.35-0.74). The incidence of positive skin test results to 1 or more inhalant allergens was similar in both groups (4.4% in the intervention group and 4.6% in the control group). CONCLUSIONS: Our multifaceted intervention program resulted in a modest but significant (P= .04) reduction in the risk of possible or probable asthma and rhinitis without apparent colds at the age of 12 months in high-risk infants. In the absence of a validated definition of asthma at the age of 12 months, follow-up studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of the intervention program in the primary prevention of asthma in high-risk infants.

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AsthmaFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHumansImmunoglobulin EInfantInfant, NewbornMalePregnancyProspective StudiesRespiratory HypersensitivityRisk FactorsTreatment OutcomeClinical TrialJournal ArticleRandomized Controlled TrialResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

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M Chan-Yeung, J Manfreda, H Dimich-Ward, A Ferguson, W Watson, A Becker. 2000. A randomized controlled study on the effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention program in the primary prevention of asthma in high-risk infants.. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.154.7.657

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