PubMed · 11022113
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J Dhondt, J Hayte, A Demouveaux. ["Hemolyzed" blood sample].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11022113/
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We describe an improved method for the measurement of retinol in dried blood spots (DBS) on filter paper. Retinol in human DBS on filter paper was analyzed by normal phase HPLC after a simple extraction method. Retinol associated with its binding protein was eluted from the paper into aqueous solution facilitated by ultrasonic agitation. Retinol associated with retinol binding protein was denatured with acetonitrile, and then retinol was isolated in a single hexane extract and analyzed directly by HPLC. When analyzing DBS, the individual plasma volume of the spots was calculated by measuring the sodium content or by weighing the blood spots. The described method yielded low intra- and interassay variability (<6%), with sufficient sensitivity (detection limit, 0.1 micromol/L) and good recovery (97% spike). Compared with matching plasma samples, DBS retinol consistently decreased 18-23% during the 1st wk of storage. After 1 wk, retinol remained stable in the blood spots at 23 degrees C for >3 mo. In conclusion, the analysis of retinol in DBS by HPLC is comparable to retinol analysis in serum. The variability of the method was reduced by using sodium concentration to estimate sample volume. Collection of DBS for retinol analysis is appropriate under field conditions, where it is difficult to centrifuge or freeze blood samples.
Homocysteine is an independent, modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. It is an intermediate amino acid formed during the metabolism of methionine. Plasma homocysteine is normally < or = 12 micromol/L, but when elevated has many deleterious cardiovascular effects. This review explains homocysteine metabolism, the effects of elevated homocysteine, factors contributing to high homocysteine, and its measurement. Risk factors for elevated homocysteine and intervention with B vitamins are discussed. Cardiovascular nurses are encouraged to facilitate homocysteine awareness through a variety of educational means.
Results of intravenous (i.v.) application of medical oxygen described by users are interpreted by means of biochemical and physiological knowledge. It is shown that i.v. oxygen therapy produces changes in metabolism which can also occur independently of the course of illness. Apart from the general improvement in oxygen availability, i.v. oxygen therapy causes eosinophilia, which can be valued as an increase in undetermined cellular immunological resistance. Furthermore, rheological qualities of the blood as well as diuresis are improved, the release of oxygen into the tissue is increased, and the blood pH is normalized. Compared with hyperbaric oxygen therapy, i.v. oxygen therapy seems to have less side effects. Application is less complicated, less expensive but probably of higher efficacy. This statement does not apply to issues related to diving medicine.