PubMed · 11212698
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N Suga, T Hara. 2000. [Factor D deficiency].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11212698/
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All bloodstream strains, total 1463, isolated during a 1 month period in 105 hospitals representing all geographical areas in France were collected to study their antimicrobial susceptibility. The three major species were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci. Among the 242 S. aureus, 87 were resistant to methicillin and among those 99% were resistant to ciprofloxacin, 11.5% to gentamicin, 1% to quinupristin/dalfopristin and 8% were heterogeneously resistant to vancomycin. Study of the methicillin-resistant S. aureus indicated that 12 clones had disseminated in French hospitals, six being heterogeneously resistant to vancomycin. Among the Streptococcus pneumoniae, 43% showed decreased susceptibility to the penicillins and 42% to erythromycin. One isolate was highly resistant to fluoroquinolones. Gentamicin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin and gatifloxacin resistance was rare in Enterobacteriaceae with 95% of strains susceptible. The incidence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases was quite low. Moreover more than 25% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. The magnitude of antibiotic resistance in bloodstream isolates, in particular Gram-positive bacteria, emphasizes the importance of hospital control measures, rational prescribing policies and new vaccine strategies.
Quinolones are broad-spectrum antibacterial agents, commonly used in both clinical and veterinary medicine. Their extensive use has resulted in bacteria rapidly developing resistance to these agents. Two mechanisms of quinolone resistance have been established to date: alterations in the targets of quinolones, and decreased accumulation due to impermeability of the membrane and/or an overexpression of efflux pump systems. Recently, mobile elements have also been described, carrying the qnr gene, which confers resistance to quinolones.