PubMed · 11215031
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R Gregory. 2001. Listening.. https://doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-20010201-13
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OBJECTIVE: To assess the ability of patients with AD to produce, repeat, and comprehend affective prosody in relationship to severity of dementia, aphasic deficits, and changes in emotional behaviors. METHODS: An Aprosodia Battery was used to assess affective-prosodic performance and to identify patterns of deficits in affective communication. In addition, the presence and severity of aberrant behaviors, depression, and aphasia were assessed using standardized assessment tools. RESULTS: Patients with AD had significant impairments in their ability to repeat, comprehend, and discriminate affective aspects of speech, but maintained normal spontaneous affective-prosodic performances. As dementia severity increased, performance on the comprehension tasks and, to a lesser degree, on the repetition tasks became more impaired; spontaneous affective prosody remained normal. In the current study, affective-prosodic comprehension impairments were present in patients with all stages of AD; comparable aphasic deficits were not observed until patients were severely demented. The majority of aphasic deficits involved anomia without loss of comprehension. Patients with AD with sensory aprosodia had increased frequency and severity of behavioral changes whereas patients with AD with normal affective-prosodic performance were significantly less demented, had normal linguistic ability, and displayed fewer aberrant psychiatric behaviors. CONCLUSION: Patients with mild AD are at considerable risk for affective-prosodic comprehension deficits. As patients become more demented and develop sensory aprosodia, they are at greater risk for disturbances in behavior and mood.
Mice from the 129S2/SvHsd (129) and C57BL/6JOlaHsd (C57) strains were assessed for performance on a test battery including sensorimotor, affective and cognitive measures, using established as well as modified paradigms. Marked strain differences were observed in measures of locomotion, motor coordination and anxiety: the 129 mice were typically less active and more anxious. In contrast, the strains did not markedly differ in muscular strength, habituation to an open field or spatial working memory. The data provide baseline parameters of behaviour against which genetically modified lines derived from these particular parental strains can be assessed.
BACKGROUND: Intense and rapidly changing mood states are a major feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD); however, there have only been a few studies investigating affective processing in BPD, and in particular no neurofunctional correlates of abnormal emotional processing have been identified so far. METHODS: Six female BPD patients without additional major psychiatric disorder and six age-matched female control subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure regional cerebral hemodynamic changes following brain activity when viewing 12 standardized emotionally aversive slides compared to 12 neutral slides, which were presented in random order. RESULTS: Our main finding was that BPD subjects but not control subjects were characterized by an elevated blood oxygenation level dependent fMRI signal in the amygdala on both sides. In addition, activation of the medial and inferolateral prefrontal cortex was seen in BPD patients. Both groups showed activation in the temporo-occipital cortex including the fusiform gyrus in BPD subjects but not in control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced amygdala activation in BPD is suggested to reflect the intense and slowly subsiding emotions commonly observed in response to even low-level stressors. Borderline subjects' perceptual cortex may be modulated through the amygdala leading to increased attention to emotionally relevant environmental stimuli.