PubMed · 11484686
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D Böning. 2001. Efficiency after altitude acclimatization.. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.91.2.1014
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Understanding the genetic bases and modes of adaptation to current climatic conditions is essential to accurately predict responses to future environmental change. We conducted a genome-wide scan to identify climate-adaptive genetic loci and pathways in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Amino acid-changing variants were significantly enriched among the loci strongly correlated with climate, suggesting that our scan effectively detects adaptive alleles. Moreover, from our results, we successfully predicted relative fitness among a set of geographically diverse A. thaliana accessions when grown together in a common environment. Our results provide a set of candidates for dissecting the molecular bases of climate adaptations, as well as insights about the prevalence of selective sweeps, which has implications for predicting the rate of adaptation.
Recent data from our laboratory are presented concerning alveolar septal adaptation following 42-45% lung resection by left pneumonectomy (PNX) in adult foxhounds compared to sham-operated control animals. Results confirm our previous conclusion that compensation in the remaining lung occurs without a net growth of additional alveolar septal tissue. The major ultrastructural responses are (a) alveolar capillary distention, which recruits capillary blood volume and surface area, leading to a 30-50% increase in lung diffusing capacity estimated by morphometry, a magnitude similar to that measured by physiologic methods; (b) a selectively increased volume of type 2 alveolar epithelial cells. These data, taken together with the balanced compensatory growth of alveolar septal cells observed in adult dogs following 55-58% lung resection by right PNX, support a graded alveolar cellular response to chronic mechanical strain with the alveolar epithelial cells being activated first; as strain increases further with greater lung resection other alveolar cells also become activated leading to an overt increase in septal tissue volume. The spatial distribution of lobar mechanical strain and lobar tissue volume assessed by high resolution computed tomography was markedly non-uniform after PNX, suggesting possible non-uniform distribution of alveolar cellular response. The sequential activation of physiologic recruitment and cellular adaptation confer additive functional benefits that optimize long-term exercise performance after PNX.
Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for drought tolerance (DT) can be readily identified in available databases and in this paper, these QTLs were summarized in the form of a consensus map. An in silico strategy was then deployed to mine for candidate genes associated with DT QTLs using rice dbEST and rice genome databases. DT QTLs on rice chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 8, and 9 were selected to test the method. The result showed candidate genes associated with DT could be readily identified.