PubMed · 11612224
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P Ghalioungui. 1982. [Not Available].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11612224/
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OBJECTIVES: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are among the most common healthcare-associated infections in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but there are few resistome data available for relevant uropathogens. The goal of this study was to characterize the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes and genotypes of a large collection of Gram-negative bacteria recovered from CAUTIs in a hospital in Mansoura, Egypt. METHODS: Phenotypic AMR profiles and whole-genome sequence data were generated for 132 isolates. Resistomes were predicted using ResFinder, CARD and AMRFinder. Similarity of uropathogen genomic data was determined using sourmash (kmer signatures). Escherichia coli genomic data were subject to a pangenome analysis using Panaroo. RESULTS: Sixty-seven E. coli (Phylogroup B2; 53.7%, 36/67), 14 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 11 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 9 Proteus mirabilis, 8 Providencia spp., 5 Enterobacter hormaechei and 18 rare CAUTI-associated isolates were identified. Several (22/132) isolates were multidrug-resistant, while almost half (62/132) were extensively drug-resistant. Phenotype-genotype discordance was found to be an important consideration in resistome studies in Egypt, with a total concordance of 91% (1115/1225), 85.7% (1273/1485) and 80.5% (1196/1485) for ResFinder, CARD and AMRFinder, respectively. Pseudomonas, at the species level, exhibited the greatest discordance. At the antimicrobial level, meropenem was subject to greatest discordance. New AMR variants were found for Egypt for Pseudomonas (blaOXA-486, blaOXA-488, blaOXA-905, blaIMP-43, blaPDC-35, blaPDC-45, blaPDC-201) and E. coli (blaTEM-176, blaTEM-190). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that there is phenotype-genotype discordance in AMR profiling among CAUTI isolates, highlighting the need for comprehensive approaches in resistome studies. We also show the genomic diversity of Gram-negative uropathogens contributing to disease burden in a little-studied LMIC setting.
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The 1988 World Health Assembly resolved to eradicate poliomyelitis worldwide by 2000. Since then, the estimated number of polio cases has decreased by >99%. The Americas and the Western Pacific regions of the World Health Organization (WHO) have been certified polio-free, and it is expected that the European Region will be certified this year. Progress also has been made in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), where polio is endemic in five of 22 countries (Afghanistan, Egypt, Pakistan, Somalia, and Sudan). This report summarizes progress toward polio eradication from 1997 through 2001 in Egypt, where several independent chains of wild poliovirus type 1 continue to circulate despite a long history of eradication efforts. The findings indicate the need to improve surveillance and vaccination activities.