PubMed · 11637673
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F Chiricò. [Not Available].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11637673/
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OBJECTIVES: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are among the most common healthcare-associated infections in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but there are few resistome data available for relevant uropathogens. The goal of this study was to characterize the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes and genotypes of a large collection of Gram-negative bacteria recovered from CAUTIs in a hospital in Mansoura, Egypt. METHODS: Phenotypic AMR profiles and whole-genome sequence data were generated for 132 isolates. Resistomes were predicted using ResFinder, CARD and AMRFinder. Similarity of uropathogen genomic data was determined using sourmash (kmer signatures). Escherichia coli genomic data were subject to a pangenome analysis using Panaroo. RESULTS: Sixty-seven E. coli (Phylogroup B2; 53.7%, 36/67), 14 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 11 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 9 Proteus mirabilis, 8 Providencia spp., 5 Enterobacter hormaechei and 18 rare CAUTI-associated isolates were identified. Several (22/132) isolates were multidrug-resistant, while almost half (62/132) were extensively drug-resistant. Phenotype-genotype discordance was found to be an important consideration in resistome studies in Egypt, with a total concordance of 91% (1115/1225), 85.7% (1273/1485) and 80.5% (1196/1485) for ResFinder, CARD and AMRFinder, respectively. Pseudomonas, at the species level, exhibited the greatest discordance. At the antimicrobial level, meropenem was subject to greatest discordance. New AMR variants were found for Egypt for Pseudomonas (blaOXA-486, blaOXA-488, blaOXA-905, blaIMP-43, blaPDC-35, blaPDC-45, blaPDC-201) and E. coli (blaTEM-176, blaTEM-190). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that there is phenotype-genotype discordance in AMR profiling among CAUTI isolates, highlighting the need for comprehensive approaches in resistome studies. We also show the genomic diversity of Gram-negative uropathogens contributing to disease burden in a little-studied LMIC setting.
Natural radioactive materials are present in all geological rocks in varying amounts, they are easily mobilized in the environment, and can reach hazardous radiological levels under certain conditions, requiring precautions to be taken. The present study deals with 50 geological samples of local (Tushki and Kalabsha in upper Egypt) and imported (southeast Asia and Turkey) kaolin types. The samples were analyzed by gamma-ray spectroscopy using a HPGe detector. The activity concentrations of 232Th and 238U series and 40K and the contents (in ppm) are given. The radium equivalent activity varied from 187.8 to 10185.19 Bq/kg. 137Cs was found in a range of 0.23-8.5 Bq/kg, for the local samples. The kaolin in Tushki area was suitable for industrial use.