PubMed · 11699267
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C F Larsen. 2001-10-22. [Trauma systems].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11699267/
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BACKGROUNDIncreasing incidence rates of invasive Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis (iSDSE) have been detected worldwide.AIMWe aimed to investigate iSDSE infection incidence rates in Denmark during 2014-2024, and characterise the genomic population structure of a subset of iSDSE isolates and their antimicrobial resistance (AMR).METHODSUsing national register data, we estimated overall and sex-/age-stratified iSDSE incidences during 2014-2024, by retrospectively identifying cases of invasive infections with group C and G streptococci or S. dysgalactiae (including specified as subspecies equisimilis). From the voluntary national beta-haemolytic streptococci laboratory surveillance system, whole-genome-sequenced isolates from August 2020-September 2022 were used to investigate the iSDSE genomic population structure. Susceptibility to penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin was determined and AMR genes identified.RESULTSDuring 2014-2024, iSDSE incidence rates increased significantly (linear trend analysis p < 0.001) with mean annual incidence ranging between 10.3 and 16.4 per 100,000, peaking in 2023. Incidence was higher in males, increasing with older age. Nearly 75% of the 1,223 iSDSE isolates belonged to four of 14 genetic clusters. Sequence types (STs) ST20 and ST17 were most prevalent, while emm-type stG62647, a variant associated internationally with higher virulence, dominated. All isolates were phenotypically susceptible to penicillin but approximately 10% were respectively erythromycin and clindamycin resistant. High erythromycin resistance prevalence (57%; 39/68), coinciding with gene ermA, occurred in one genetic cluster.CONCLUSIONThe findings illustrate the need for national registry-based surveillance to detect epidemiological changes and potential outbreaks. Further, continuous genomic surveillance can monitor the occurrence and expansion of genetic clades and AMR genes.
BACKGROUND: Student nurses are an important target group for smoking prevention. This study analyzes (a) the relation between student nurses' smoking behavior and their knowledge, attitudes, and behavior toward smoking prevention and (b) the effect of targeted health education in improving student nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and preventive behavior. METHODS: A controlled trial was performed with school classes as the randomization unit. One hundred fifty-five first-year students from a school in nursing in Copenhagen, Denmark, participated in a baseline study and a follow-up study 7 weeks later. The intervention included eight lectures on the health consequences of smoking. RESULTS: About 40% of student nurses in both the intervention and the control groups were smokers, and this percentage did not change during follow-up. Compared with nonsmokers, smokers had less favorable attitudes and behavior toward smoking prevention. Student nurses' knowledge about the health consequences of smoking improved during the study period in both groups, but the change was larger in the intervention group. This difference was not present in multivariate analyses that controlled for age and smoking status. During follow-up the attitude improved in the intervention classes, while it deteriorated in the controls, revealing a significant difference, which persisted after multivariate adjustment. The amount of education had no effect on student nurse's preventive behavior. CONCLUSION: Targeted health education improves knowledge and attitudes toward smoking prevention in first-year student nurses.
The recording of surgical procedures for and diagnoses of nonmalignant gynecological conditions in the Danish National Hospital Registry in 1977-1988 were evaluated by comparison with discharge summaries for a sample of 4,919 women. A serious problem was found in the validity of the diagnoses. Little variation was seen over the period of observation. The coding of operations was considered valid. The results of the study raise concern in view of the widespread use of the registry data in medical research. The authors suggest that data from the registry should be thoroughly evaluated before firm conclusions based on such data are published, and that efforts to improve the validity of the data in the Danish National Hospital Registry are increased.