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PubMed · 1192283

Indications for transconioscopy.

B Martensson
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Abstract

Transconioscopy is a reliable method for the diagnosis of even minimal subglottic tumor extension. The technique is briefly described. Transconioscopy has been performed at Karolinska Hospital in more than 400 cases of laryngeal carcinomas without any complications. It is not associated with any risk of spreading of the tumor if performed on proper indications. It is always indicated in glottic carcinomas where a subglottic extension is not visible by direct laryngoscopy but not in the more advanced cases where the subglottic part of the tumor can be visualized by direct laryngoscopy.

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Evaluation Studies as TopicHumansLaryngeal NeoplasmsLaryngoscopesLaryngoscopyPuncturesJournal Article

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B Martensson. 1975. Indications for transconioscopy.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1192283/

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PubMed2004

A review of NAPL source zone remediation efficiency and the mass flux approach.

A number of previous studies are reviewed to examine the actual reduction of NAPL from source zones and the effectiveness of the specific technique of remediation used at sites under study. It has been shown that complete removal of the NAPL in free phase or residual is not possible due to the complex entrapment architecture of NAPLs at field sites. Consequently, the assessment of remediation efficiency should not be solely based on the reduction of entrapped NAPL mass from source zone. Instead, it should be based on the reduction of risk achieved through the lowering of the concentration of the dissolved constituents emanating from the entrapped NAPL during source zone clean-up. The prediction of the concentration in the plume requires a knowledge of the dissolution of NAPLs in the source zone. Attention is directed to the need for the understanding the mass transfer from entrapped NAPLs in the source zone before and after remediation. In this paper, the current knowledge of mass transfer processes from the non-aqueous phase to the aqueous phase is summarised and the use of mass flux measurements (monitoring the concentration of contaminants in aqueous phase due to source zone NAPL-groundwater mass transfer) is introduced as a potential tool to assess the efficiency of technologies used in source zone remediation. Preliminary results of numerical simulations reveal that factors such as source zone morphology as determined by the heterogeneity of the formation control the post-remediation dissolution behaviour, than the local mass transfer. Thus, accurate site characterization is essential for predicting NAPL dissolution and mass flux relationships as well as for assigning site-specific remediation target values.

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