PubMed · 12039493
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Gong-Yuan Xie, Mikel D Smith. 2002-06-05. Pseudonormal or intermediate pattern?.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(02)01872-7
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OBJECTIVES: The Tei Index (TI) is a useful, non-invasive, Doppler-derived myocardial performance tool which can be used to assess aspects of systolic and diastolic function. The aim of this study was to determine normal values of fetal left ventricular (LV) TI in second- and third- trimester fetuses and to compare these to other values reported in the literature. METHODS: Doppler waveforms of the LV outflow tracts were obtained in 74 second- and early third-trimester fetuses. The LV isovolumic contraction time (ICT), isovolumic relaxation time (IRT) and ejection time (ET) were measured and the TI calculated using the formula (ICT + IRT)/ET. The literature on LV myocardial function in the fetus was also reviewed. RESULTS: The normal TI in second- and early third-trimester fetuses (18-31 weeks' gestation) was 0.53 +/- 0.13. The ICT was 43 +/- 14 ms, the ET was 173 +/- 16 ms and the IRT was 48 +/- 13 ms. CONCLUSION: The TI can be easily obtained in the fetus without the need for precise anatomic imaging. The TI may be a useful tool to explore fetal myocardial function in different clinical situations.
In the past 5 years there has been a significant shift in the focus of heart failure epidemiology research. In the 1960 to 1995 era, persons with overt clinical heart failure were identified by assessment of typical symptoms and signs of heart failure. Recent work has gone beyond symptoms and signs, to include objective echocardiographic measurement of ventricular function. This approach has revealed that most cases of ventricular dysfunction are asymptomatic. It has also underscored the high prevalence of diastolic ventricular dysfunction in the very elderly. Nevertheless, recent data suggest that advances in heart failure therapy may be resulting in improved survival for heart failure patients in the community. Future efforts need to be directed toward early detection of ventricular dysfunction and prevention of symptomatic heart failure.