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[Botulism toxin in practice].

A Durand·G Serment
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Abstract

Botulinum toxins (A and B) are neurotoxins derived from Clostridium botulinum. Clostridium are anaerobic bacteria. C. botulinum produces exotoxins (A to G) with distinct antigenicities. The neurotoxins inhibit the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from the axon terminals of motor neurons. Botulinum toxin is officially used in clinic for the treatment of muscular hyperactivity (strabismus, blepharospam, cervical dystonia). Botulinum toxins are also used in non recognized clinical applications: neurogenic incontinence, palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis, chronic anal fissure. The respective formulations of Botox, Dysport and Neurobloc are described. Special considerations for administration are introduced.

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BlepharospasmBotulinum ToxinsBotulinum Toxins, Type AClostridium botulinumDystoniaFissure in AnoHumansHyperhidrosisNeuromuscular AgentsStrabismusUrinary Bladder, NeurogenicUrinary IncontinenceEnglish AbstractJournal ArticleReview

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A Durand, G Serment. 2003. [Botulism toxin in practice].. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-6054(03)00131-4

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