PubMed · 12955825
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Glenn W Drumheller. 2003. Fibrin glue.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12955825/
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BACKGROUND: We studied the etiology, treatment, and outcome of enterocutaneous fistulas in 106 patients to evaluate our current practice and the impact of newer therapies-octreotide, wound vacuum-assisted closure (VAC), and fibrin glue-on clinical outcomes. Review of the literature and our own 1990 study indicate a mortality rate of 5% to 20% for enterocutaneous fistula, and a healing rate of 75% to 85% after definitive surgery. METHODS: We reviewed all cases of gastrointestinal-cutaneous fistula from 1997 to 2005 at 2 large teaching hospitals. We identified 106 patients with enterocutaneous fistula; patients with irritable bowel disease and anorectal fistulas were excluded. RESULTS: The origin of the fistula was the small bowel in 67 patients, colon in 26, stomach in 8, and duodenum in 5. The etiology of the fistula was previous operation in 81 patients, trauma in 15, hernia mesh erosion in 6, diverticulitis in 2, and radiation in 2. Of the 106 patients in the study, 31 had a high output fistula (greater than 200 mL/day), 44 had a low output fistula, and, in 31 patients, the fistula output was low but there was no record of volume. Initial treatment was nonoperative except for patients with an abscess who needed urgent drainage. In 24 patients, the effect of octreotide was monitored: in 8 patients, fistula output declined; in 16 patients, octreotide was of no benefit. Fibrin glue was used in 8 patients and was of benefit to 1. The wound VAC was used in 13 patients: 12 patients still required operative repair of the fistula, whereas the fistula was healed in 1 patient. The main benefit of the VAC system was improved wound care in all patients before definitive surgery. Total parenteral nutrition was used in most patients to provide nutritional support. Operative repair was performed in 77 patients and was successful in 69 (89%), failing in 6 patients with persistent cancer or infection. Nonoperative treatment was used in 29 patients and resulted in healing in 60%. Of 106 patients, 7 (7%) died of fistula complications. The cause of death was persistence or recurrence of cancer in 4 patients and persistent sepsis in 3. CONCLUSION: Enterocutaneous fistula continues to be a serious surgical problem. The wound VAC and fibrin glue had anecdotal successes (n = 2), and one-third of patients responded to octreotide. We believe that octreotide should be tried in most patients and that the wound VAC has a role in selected patients. Although 7% overall mortality is lower than in previous studies, the number managed without operation (27%) remains the same. In addition to early control of sepsis, nutritional support, and wound care, a well-timed operation was the most effective treatment.
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OBJECTIVES: To report the outcomes of graft take and wound healing in the first reported series in which fibrin sealant was used as a tissue glue in the reconstruction of complex genital skin loss. METHODS: Between July 2001 and July 2005, 18 men requiring complex genital reconstruction underwent repair by two surgeons at our medical centers. Skin graft reconstruction was required in 6 men. Complete scrotal disassembly with extensive scrotal or thigh flaps was required for reconstruction of 12 others. In the skin graft cases, a thin layer of dilute fibrin sealant was sprayed on the recipient site immediately before graft apposition. In flap cases, fibrin sealant was injected beneath the flap to promote tissue adherence and prevent fluid accumulation. All wounds were followed up postoperatively and observed for evidence of graft take, seroma or hematoma formation, drainage, and infection. RESULTS: The 6 skin graft patients required a total of nine split-thickness skin grafts, all of which had 100% take. Of the 12 patients requiring flap reconstruction, 11 had excellent results. One flap case had a partial wound breakdown, but this reconstruction was performed immediately subsequent to a significant debridement and irrigation procedure in the same setting. Overall, 17 (94.4%) of 18 patients had no wound infection, seroma, hematoma, or other complications. CONCLUSIONS: Fibrin sealant performs very well as a tissue glue and appears to be a useful adjunct in cases of complex genital skin loss reconstruction.