PubMed · 13195212
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A C DE L HORTA. 1954. [Apparatus for biliary manometry].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13195212/
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This is the fifth in the series of short reviews of internet-based radiological learning resources and will focus on gastrointestinal (GI) and hepatobiliary radiology. Below are details of a few of the higher quality resources currently available. Most of the sites cater for medical students and trainee or non-specialist radiologists, but may be also be of interest to specialists, especially for use in teaching. Hyperlinks are available in the electronic version of this article and were all active at the time of going to press (May 2006).
PURPOSE: A new generation of magnetic resonance imaging scanner offers a 3-dimensional magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) with very high spatial resolution using a non-breath-hold technique with prospective navigator gating. The study aimed to investigate the new technology of the MRCP in infants with suspected pancreaticobiliary diseases. METHODS: Seven patients (4 girls, 3 boys; mean age, 2.8 years; range, 3 months to 5.6 years) were examined. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging examination using a 1.5-T whole-body scanner (Magnetom Avanto, Siemens Medical, Erlangen, Germany). For MRCP, a heavily T2-weighted (time to echo, 678 ms) 3-dimensional turbo spin echo in coronal plane was performed with the voxel size of 1 x 1 x 1.5 mm. To enable non-breath-holding imaging, a diaphragm navigator sequence was simultaneously carried out. The MRCP findings were compared prospectively with the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and/or with the surgical findings in 6 of 7 cases. In 1 patient, the follow-up was considered reference standard. RESULTS: The high spatial resolution of the images without breathing artifacts allowed an excellent demonstration of all relevant pancreaticobiliary ducts and of the pathologic findings. All patients (n = 4) with choledocholithiasis were identified through MRCP. The finding of a high pancreaticobiliary junction (n = 3) was confirmed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in all cases. The length of the common channel ranged from 16 to 24 mm. In 1 patient, the long common channel was associated with a choledochal cyst. In a 1.7-year-old boy with recurrent abdominal pain and mild pancreatitis, the rare case of a gastric duplication with connection to the main pancreatic duct was diagnosed. A regular gastric wall with normal mucosa and parts of the duodenal wall with a circular layer of muscle (pylorus-like) were found in histology after surgical resection of the mass. CONCLUSION: The newly developed technique may be a reliable tool in the workup of pancreaticobiliary diseases in infants.
BACKGROUND: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is considered the gold standard for imaging of the biliary tract but is associated with complications. Less invasive imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), have a much lower complication rate. The accuracy of MRCP is comparable to that of ERCP, and MRCP may be more effective and cost-effective, particularly in cases for which the suspected prevalence of disease is low and further intervention can be avoided. A model was constructed to compare the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of MRCP and ERCP in patients with a previous history of cholecystectomy, presenting with abdominal pain and/or abnormal liver function tests. METHODS: Diagnostic accuracy estimates came from a systematic review of MRCP. A decision analytic model was constructed to represent the diagnostic and treatment pathway of this patient group. The model compared the following two diagnostic strategies: (i) MRCP followed with ERCP if positive, and then management based on ERCP; and (ii) ERCP only. Deterministic and probabilistic analyses were used to assess the likelihood of MRCP being cost-effective. Sensitivity analyses examined the impact of prior probabilities of common bile duct stones (CBDS) and test performance characteristics. The outcomes considered were costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and cost per additional QALY. RESULTS: The deterministic analysis indicated that MRCP was dominant over ERCP. At prior probabilities of CBDS, less than 60 percent MRCP was the less costly initial diagnostic test; above this threshold, ERCP was less costly. Similarly, at probabilities of CBDS less than 68 percent, MRCP was also the more effective strategy (generated more QALYs). Above this threshold, ERCP became the more effective strategy. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses indicated that, in this patient group for which there is a low to moderate probability of CBDS, there was a 59 percent likelihood that MRCP was cost-saving, an 83 percent chance that MRCP was more effective with a higher quality adjusted survival, and an 83 percent chance that MRCP had a cost-effectiveness ratio more favorable than dollars 50,000 per QALY gained. CONCLUSIONS: Costs and cost-effectiveness are dependent upon the prior probability of CBDS. However, probabilistic analysis indicated that, with a high degree of certainty, MRCP was the more effective and cost-effective initial test in postcholecystectomy patients with a low to moderate probability of CBDS.