PubMed · 13373119
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G R WALLGREN. 1956. Double aortic arch.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13373119/
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Penetrating aortic ulcers (PAUs) are rare exotic pathological entities, classically located in the descending thoracic aorta. Their association with syphilis has never been reported. We describe a first case of a patient with cardiovascular syphilis presenting as PAU in the ascending aorta.
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OBJECTIVE: Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate DNA synthesis in endothelial cells when activated by serine proteases. However, despite the existence of heterogeneity among endothelial cells from each tissue, the responses to PAR-1, PAR-2, and PAR-4 activation are poorly defined and compared between endothelial cells from different sites. The aim of this study was to investigate whether PAR-mediated DNA synthesis differed in various endothelial cell types. METHODS: We examined the incorporation of BrdU by human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs), human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). RESULTS: When the endothelial cells were treated with the selective PAR-1-activating peptide, SFLLRN, HAECs showed the highest BrdU incorporation rate (182 +/- 28%). In contrast, treatment with the PAR-2-activating peptide, SLIGKV, resulted in the highest BrdU incorporation rate (173 +/- 37%) in HPAECs, when pretreated with TNF-alpha. The PAR-4-activating peptide, GYPGQV, induced DNA synthesis in HPAECs and HAECs, but not in HUVECs. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that each PAR preferentially targets an endothelial cell type, and thus plays a distinct role in diverse physiological or pathological conditions.