PubMed · 13426165
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P JOHNSON, V MASSEY. 1957. Sedimentation studies on fumarase.. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3002(57)90375-x
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The phenomenon of enhanced glycolysis in tumours has been acknowledged for decades, but biochemical evidence to explain it is only just beginning to emerge. A significant hint as to the triggers and advantages of enhanced glycolysis in tumours was supplied by the recent discovery that succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and fumarate hydratase (FH) are tumour suppressors and which associated, for the first time, mitochondrial enzymes and their dysfunction with tumorigenesis. Further steps forward showed that the substrates of SDH and FH, succinate and fumarate, respectively, can mediate a 'metabolic signalling' pathway. Succinate or fumarate, which accumulate in mitochondria owing to the inactivation of SDH or FH, leak out to the cytosol, where they inhibit a family of prolyl hydroxylase enzymes (PHDs). Depending on the PHD inhibited, two newly recognized pathways that support tumour maintenance may ensue: affected cells become resistant to certain apoptotic signals and/or activate a pseudohypoxic response that enhances glycolysis and is conveyed by hypoxia-inducible factor.
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Overall activation volumes for multistep reactions are not usually pressure independent. The present investigation gives a quantitative description of this effect under Theory. Simple relations are obtained which can easily be applied to experimental data and which allow more insight into the dynamics of enzyme reactions. This is demonstrated under Experimental Application for the conversion of fumarate to L-malate catalyzed by the enzyme fumarase. The volume profile of this reaction indicates a pulsation of the enzyme molecule during catalysis. The appendix discusses the question whether Eyring's transition-state theory is an appropriate basis for investigations of this kind.