PubMed · 13631662
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J PHILIPPON, EYCHENNE. 1958. [Articular goniometry].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13631662/
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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to develop a measurement method that could be implemented in chiropractic for the evaluation of angular and translational intervertebral motion of the cervical spine. METHODS: Flexion-extension radiographs were digitized with a scanner at a ratio of 1:1 and imported into a software, allowing segmental motion measurements. The measurements were obtained by selecting the most anteroinferior point and the most posteroinferior point of a vertebral body (anterior and posterior arch, respectively, for C1), with the origin of the reference frame set at the most posteroinferior point of the vertebral body below. The same procedure was performed for both the flexion and extension radiographs, and the coordinates of the 2 points were used to calculate the angular movement and the translation between the 2 vertebrae. RESULTS: This method provides a measure of intervertebral angular and translational movement. It uses a different reference frame for each joint instead of the same reference frame for all joints and thus provides a measure of motion in the plane of each articulation. The calculated values obtained are comparable to other studies on intervertebral motion and support further development to validate the method. CONCLUSION: The present study proposes a computerized procedure to evaluate intervertebral motion of the cervical spine. This procedure needs to be validated with a reliability study but could provide a valuable tool for doctors of chiropractic and further spinal research.
This systematic review critically evaluates literature on the reliability and validity of measurement tools for quantifying knee joint angles and knee movement. A search was conducted of seven medical databases and one biomedical engineering database, yielding 43 articles that reported reliability or validity. Tools for quantifying knee joint angles included standard handheld goniometers, fluid-based goniometers, gravity-based goniometers, photographs and two dimensional (2-D) motion analysis. Knee movement was measured with electrogoniometers, 2-D and three dimensional (3-D) motion analysis. Intraclass correlation coefficients for testing knee angles ranged from 0.51-1.00 for intratester reliability and 0.43-0.99 for intertester reliability. For quantifying knee position, sequential MRI and 2-D had the least error of measurement, followed by hand held goniometers and photographs. For dynamic measurements, electrogoniometers and 3-D motion analysis were most reliable and had low error of measurement. Strong concurrent validity was found between hand held goniometers and radiographs, as well as between hand held goniometers and 3-D motion analysis.
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