PubMed · 1394545
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J P Naidr, P Pohunek, K Krepela. 1992. [Bronchologic examination].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1394545/
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The measurement of histamine in samples obtained from human lung is important in determining the roles of histamine and mast cells in normal and disease states. We, therefore, compared different assays for the measurement of histamine in human lung samples. Both a single isotope enzymatic assay and a radioimmunoassay (RIA) were capable of accurately measuring the low concentrations of histamine (0.05-2.0 ng/ml) normally found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The RIA was also able to measure histamine levels up to 1500 ng/ml in human lung tissue samples. Moreover, the RIA measurement of high levels of histamine in lung samples compared favorably to an automated spectrofluorometric method. Unlike either the single isotope enzymatic assay or the automated spectrofluorometric assay which have effective capabilities at less than and greater than 2 ng/ml, respectively, the RIA can accurately measure histamine levels from 0.05 to 1500 ng/ml. Since the RIA is easier to perform, less costly, and has a wider range of effectiveness, this assay should prove valuable in assessing histamine levels from a variety of human lung samples, thereby, providing an avenue to elucidate the roles of histamine and mast cells in lung functions.
The anatomic changes that occur in response to acute lung injury significantly impair gas exchange. As is the case with skin wounds, a fibroproliferative response follows lung injury. In the lungs, however, this can result in life-threatening obliteration of alveolar air spaces. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in lung repair may allow the development of therapies that regulate the fibroproliferative response. Studies from our laboratory have identified a peptide in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with acute lung injury that promotes the migration and replication of lung fibroblasts. This peptide is related to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) antigenically as well as by receptor-binding criteria; its molecular weight is 14 kilodaltons (kDa) as compared to 29 kDa for PDGF. Despite the potent activity of the 14 kDa peptide, however, such a growth signal may not be absolutely required for tissue granulation. The possibility that lung fibroblasts from patients with acute lung injury might be capable of dividing without exogenous stimulation will be examined. Another theoretical consideration is the signals that regulate termination of the fibroproliferative response. Insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in lung repair may result in therapies that modulate the sometimes maladaptive fibroproliferative response following acute lung injury.
The concentrations of Fe, Mn, Pb and Cr have been determined in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of 25 subjects without occupational or abnormal environmental exposure to metals, using the AAS method. The numerous factors which can interfere with the results in pre-analytical and in analytical phases are stressed. Metals concentrations in BAL are expressed in micrograms/l. They were not correlated with the volume of fluid recovered, the total cells, alveolar macrophages and erythrocytes. The results were not modified by stratification considering age and sex. Iron concentrations were higher than others, probably due to higher environmental exposure and partly to its essential role in humans. The diagnostic significance of element determination in BAL fluid and the relationship with exposure and lung load is discussed.