PubMed · 14150923
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E CLARK. 1964. PERICARDITIS.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14150923/
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Replicating, tumor selective viruses are being tested as potential treatments for human cancers. Hypoxia is a pathophysiological cancer condition that alters the lytic potential of the replication-competent adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) virus by a mechanism independent of receptor levels or internalization rates. We extend these initial studies to examine the potential effects of hypoxia on the group B adenoviruses (Ads), adenovirus type 3 (Ad3) (group B1) and adenovirus type 11p (Ad11p) (group B2). Receptor expression (CD46) is not altered by hypoxia. However, the lytic potential is compromised in a cell-dependent fashion. Consequently, our study suggests that group B replicating Ad-based treatments, like the group C Ad-5-based viruses, will need to be modified in order to effectively treat hypoxic components of human tumors.
BACKGROUND: Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is an uncommon and severe form of chronic obstructive lung disease in children that results from an insult to the lower respiratory tract. METHODS: A case-control study of children under the age of 3 years was performed in 109 cases and 99 controls to determine risk factors for the development of BO. Participants were evaluated by immunofluorescence viral tests, pulmonary function tests, and questions to assess tobacco and other exposures. RESULTS: Bronchiolitis due to adenovirus (odds ratio (OR) 49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 12 to 199) and the need for mechanical ventilation (OR 11, 95% CI 2.6 to 45) were strongly and independently associated with an increased risk for BO. Factors not associated with post-infectious BO included age of the child, sex, and environmental tobacco exposure (either in utero or during infancy). CONCLUSIONS: Adenovirus infection and need for mechanical ventilation are significant risk factors for developing BO in children. Further research is needed to determine why these risk factors are so strong and how they may contribute to the development of the disease.
Adenoviruses are lytic DNA viruses that are ubiquitous in human communities. In total, 51 different serotypes with varying tissue tropisms have been identified. Adenovirus infections, although frequent, are rarely fatal in immunocompetent individuals who have potent innate and adaptive immunity. But in immunosuppressed individuals, adenoviruses are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, with limited treatment options. In particular, pediatric recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation frequently develop infections early in the posttransplantation period. Because the endogenous recovery of adenovirus-specific T cells has proven important in controlling infection, we explore the potential of adoptive T-cell immunotherapy as a therapeutic strategy. We discuss the advantages and limitations of T-cell therapy for the prophylaxis and treatment of adenovirus infection posttransplantation.