PubMed · 14157792
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D E DINES, M H GESINK, H A BRADFORD. 1964. DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA: UNUSUAL MANIFESTATIONS.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14157792/
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Recently, calcification was observed on implanted intraocular lens (IOL) surfaces when viscoelastic substances were applied during surgery. To elucidate the mechanisms of mineral formation, the crystallization of calcium phosphates on IOL surfaces was studied in vitro with nanomolar sensitivity using a constant composition method. Three different commercial viscoelastic materials (Viscoat, OcuCoat, and Amvisc Plus) were investigated and it was found that some IOLs treated with Viscoat or Amvisc Plus induced the nucleation and growth of octacalcium phosphate crystallites under biological conditions. After treatments, the IOL surfaces became more hydrophilic probably because of the high viscoelastic phosphate and carboxylate contents. In contrast to Viscoat, the use of OcuCoat during surgery resulted in virtually no octacalcium phosphate nucleations. Calcification studies of IOL surfaces treated with fatty acids, which are present in human aqueous humor, suggest that hydrophobic cyclic silicones adsorbed on the IOL surfaces interact strongly with hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains of the fatty acids, creating a layer of amphiphiles oriented with functional carboxylate groups exposed to the aqueous solution and serving as active calcification sites.
BACKGROUND: Elevated concentrations of cardiac biomarkers, such as troponins and natriuretic peptides, have been shown to be predictive of poorer long-term cardiovascular outcomes in stable patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, little is known about the relationship between elevated concentrations of these cardiac markers and underlying coronary artery pathology in these patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate associations between coronary artery calcification (CAC) and the concentrations of cardiac biomarkers in ESRD patients. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 38 asymptomatic patients (median age, 54 years; 26 males, 12 females; diabetic, 39%) who were undergoing chronic haemodialysis. In these patients, pre-dialysis circulating concentrations of cardiac troponin T (cTnT), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) were measured. We quantified the level of CAC by multirow spiral computed tomography to obtain a CAC score. CAC scores > or = 400 were defined as being indicative of severe CAC. RESULTS: Severe CAC was detected in 17 patients (45%). The degree of CAC severity was positively associated (P < 0.05) with cTnT concentrations. Thus, 15% of patients had severe CAC in the lowest tertile of cTnT, 50% had severe CAC in the middle third, and 69% in the highest third. Similarly, the degree of severity of CAC was positively associated (P < 0.01) with cTnI concentrations across concentration categories. In contrast, there was no association between the degree of CAC severity and the concentrations of either BNP or CK-MB. A logistic regression analysis revealed that elevated concentrations of cTnT (> or = median vs or = 0.1 ng/ml vs <detection limit, P < 0.05) were independently associated with severe CAC after adjusting for age, duration of dialysis, diabetes and previous cardiovascular events. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated concentrations of cTnT and cTnI, but not BNP or CK-MB, were independently associated with the degree of severity of CAC in asymptomatic haemodialysis patients.