PubMed · 14158233
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J H HEALD, R SOTO-HALL, H A HILL. 1964. EWING'S SARCOMA.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14158233/
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PURPOSE: To determine the value of multivoxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) in distinguishing malignant skeletal tumors from benign tumors and normal bone marrow using the metabolite choline (Cho) as a marker for malignancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pathologic specimens obtained from 13 patients who had undergone wide resection for skeletal tumors underwent evaluation by MRSI at 1.5 T. Coronal T1-weighted gradient-echo sequence obtained for localization purposes (TR/TE = 250/1.8 msec, field of view [FOV] = 18 x 18), and single-slice MRSI (TR/TE = 2000/272 msec, FOV = 18 x 18, 10-mm slice-thickness) were performed. Water, lipid, and Cho images were reconstructed from MRSI data. Cho signal was measured in each specimen and expressed relative to background noise level (signal-to-noise ratio [SNR]) where noise was measured between 7.0 and 9.0 ppm. Cho SNRs were compared between areas containing malignant tumor and nonmalignant tissue (benign lesion or normal bone marrow) as determined by histopathology. RESULTS: Specimens included 13 skeletal sarcomas (seven osteosarcomas, three chondrosarcomas, one malignant fibrous histiocytoma, one fibrosarcoma, and one leiomyosarcoma). All specimens included a sample of normal bone marrow and two specimens also contained benign lesions. All sarcomas demonstrated a signal at 3.2 ppm assigned to Cho-containing metabolites in areas of malignancy. Peak Cho SNR was significantly different for areas containing histologically-proven malignancy compared to nonmalignant tissue (9.8 +/- 5.1 vs. 2.7 +/- 1.4, respectively, P < 0.002). CONCLUSION: These preliminary results indicate that MRSI at 1.5 T is a promising noninvasive method of differentiating malignant skeletal tumors from nonmalignant tissue. Using MRSI, Cho can be detected in skeletal tumors and may serve as a marker for malignancy.
In order to assess the involvement of autocrine motility factor (AMF) in mesenchymal tumours, AMF protein and mRNA expression was analysed in tumours, tumour-like lesions, and other lesions of bone and soft tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis of 200 cases revealed positive staining in 72.5% of the cases, suggesting that AMF is a widely expressed protein. Chordoid, chondroid, and muscular tumours revealed higher immunoreactivity in both benign and malignant tumours. Immunoblotting analysis corroborated the results of immunohistochemistry. Generally, malignant tumours revealed higher expression of AMF than benign tumours of the same histopathological lineage, except for dermatofibroma/dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. However, mRNA levels were not concordant with protein levels, and sarcomas that displayed higher mRNA and lower protein expression levels showed a trend for distant metastasis. In cultured cells, AMF was secreted and detected in conditioned culture medium. Furthermore, when proteasome inhibitors were added to cells in order to examine the changes in turnover rates, these compounds did not significantly alter the intracellular levels of AMF protein. On the basis of these overall findings, it is suggested that a particular subset of sarcomas secrete AMF, rather than degrading this protein at a higher turnover rate. This secreted AMF presumably enhances their cell motility through an autocrine effect and eventually causes increased metastatic potential. Collectively, AMF was observed in a wide spectrum of lesions of mesenchymal tissue, supporting the notion that it is involved in various cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, and metastasis. In addition, higher expression of its mRNA may indicate higher levels of protein secretion and define a particularly aggressive group of tumours with high metastatic potential.
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