PubMed · 14169503
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T KUSAKABE, T MIYAKE. 1964. THYROIDAL DEIODINATION DEFECT IN THREE SISTERS WITH SIMPLE GOITER.. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-24-5-456
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The hypothesis that goitrogenesis in iodine deficiency can be attributed to the stimulatory effect of thyrotropin (TSH) on the thyroid gland and has long been held to be valid. The task of this review is to describe the reasons why this concept is being challenged. In addition, we report on the autoregulation of the thyroid gland and on in vitro investigations dealing with TSH as a growth factor, which have yielded conflicting results. Finally, we summarize preliminary studies comparing the therapeutic effect of thyroxine and iodine on goiter size. In comparison to thyroxine, iodine application in doses of 300-500 micrograms/day may represent an equally effective way of treatment in areas of endemic goiter, especially in younger patients. In this age group, the risk of side-effects, e.g., iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis, should be low.
Diiodotyrosine induced receptor 'memory' at a concentration as low as 10(-18) M. Repeated exposure enhanced cellular responsiveness. Treatment with diiodotyrosine for 1 h, 4 times, induced receptor 'memory' more efficiently than a single uninterrupted treatment for 4 h. Immediately after induction, the receptor 'memory' is subject to retroactive interference by foreign hormonal stimuli, and can be extinguished completely by combined hormone treatment. Thus, the phenomenon of retroactive interference also takes effect at the unicellular level. The experimental observations indicate that receptor 'memory', induced in Tetrahymena by hormonal imprinting, has certain common features with the neuronal memory of higher organisms.
The urinary excretion of 3,5-diiodotyrosine was determined in euthyroid, hypothyroid and hyperthyroid individuals using a sensitive gas chromatographic mass spectrometric assay. This involved a multi-step extraction of the amino acid from urine (mean efficiency 28 +/- 5.7%) then conversion to the N,O-diheptafluorobutyryl methyl ester. The fragmentation of the derivative is discussed. Although the mean excretions in the two pathological states were significantly different from that of euthyroid individuals (P less than 0.01 in both instances) there was considerable overlap with the normal range.