PubMed · 14317036
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E ZEITLER, J R HAYES. 1965. ELECTROGRAPHY.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14317036/
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PURPOSE: In breast radiotherapy, delivery of manually-calculated electron boosts limits retrospective dose-response analyses as dose distribution is unavailable. This work evaluates the feasibility of reconstructing dose distributions from manually planned electron boosts in breast-conserving radiotherapy. METHODS: Only 72 out of 198 breast cancer patients had complete stored dose distributions from sequential electron boosts in the REQUITE study. Arbitrary data from 70/72 patients were used to develop and validate dose reconstruction method. Twenty patients were used to determine optimal parameters for Monte-Carlo-based (MC) electron dose reconstruction on RayStation (v.11B-R), considering CT-calibration curve, MC-history number, andcalculation grid resolution. Remaining 50 patients were used to quantify dose reconstruction accuracy. The similarity between reconstructed and stored dose was evaluated using 3D-gamma index and dosimetric parameters extracted from breast and tumour bed contours. Dose difference location was evaluated using dose-location histogram. RESULTS: Calculation grid resolution significantly impacted electron dose distribution (p < 0.01), where the finest grid (0.15 cm) showed highest similarity to stored doses. CT-calibration curve and MC-history number had a negligible influence on dose reconstruction. Dosimetric difference between reconstructed and stored doses was < 1 Gy for breast and tumour bed. Reconstructed dose was achieved > 90% gamma passing rate in the validation set. However, around 2.5 Gy dose differences were observed at the skin and tissue interface regions. CONCLUSIONS: Retrospective electron boost dose reconstruction is feasible with acceptable accuracy, and could increase data completeness in large cohort studies. Caution is advised when assessing dose near tissue interface and further validation is needed outside the REQUITE dataset.
The synthesis, characterisation, and X-ray structure of a new strained asymmetric diferrocene derivative (2) is reported. Compound 2 acts as a highly specific electrochemical and optical Mg(2+) ion sensor, as revealed by spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. Thus, in the presence of Mg(2+), a new redox peak appears in the cyclic voltammogram (CV) that is anodically shifted compared to the E(1/2) of the free receptor (DeltaE(1/2)=340 mV). Diferrocene derivative 2 also gives a highly visual response upon addition of Mg(2+), namely a change of colour from orange to deep purple. In addition, compound 2 does not show any significant sensing activity in the presence of Ca(2+) or alkaline ions. On protonation, it is converted into the stable diferrocenylcarbenium salt 4, in which two different modes of stabilisation of the alpha-carbocationic centre are clearly demonstrated by a combination of (1)H NMR and (57)Fe Mössbauer spectroscopic measurements. Finally, by a partial (chemical or electrochemical) oxidation, compound 2 forms the asymmetric mixed-valence species 2(+), which can be isolated as the solid salt 6 by using CF(3)SO(3) (-) as a counterion. This mixed-valence species shows a fast intramolecular electron-transfer process, as ascertained by several spectroscopic techniques.
We demonstrate for the first time the utility of time-resolved visible pump/mid-infrared (IR) probe spectroscopy to interrogate directly, and provide unique infomation regarding, conformationally dependent photoinduced ET dynamics and the subsequent structural evolution of the resulting charge-separated (CS) state. Exemplary polarized visible pump/IR probe experiments involving N-[5-(10,20-diphenylporphinato)zinc(II)]-N'(octyl)pyromellitic diimide (PZn-PI) and [5-[4'-(N-(N'-octyl)pyromellitic diimide)phenyl)ethynyl]-10,20-diphenylporphinato]zinc(II) (PZn()PI) show that it is possible to assess the mean PZn-to-PI interplanar torsional angle of electronically excited structural conformers that undergo ET within the sub-ps time domain for both of these donor-spacer-acceptor (D-Sp-A) systems. Further transient specroscopic experiments carried out on PZn()PI determine how this angle evolves with time. Because vibrational transition moments are often known and typically localized, this work underscores that polarized visible pump/IR probe spectroscopy defines a valuable tool to interrogate structrure in both electronically excited and CS states; this fact, coupled with the ultrafast time resolution and high senseitivity offered by this technique, make it ideally suited to probe a range of mechanistic issues relevant to charge-transfer reactions.