PubMed · 14364369
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G J WHERRETT. 1955. Recent developments in Canada's tuberculosis services.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14364369/
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BACKGROUND: Health systems worldwide face persistent health workers challenges including nursing shortages, workforce strain, and inequities. In Canada, these challenges have prompted renewed national and provincial reforms to strengthen recruitment, retention, leadership, and sustainability. This paper compares nursing workforce policy directions across Canada, and international jurisdictions to inform policy and planning. METHODS: A cross-country comparative analysis of policies building on a comprehensive national funded review that included an umbrella review of 69 systematic reviews, a comparative policy review of nursing workforce strategies in five jurisdictions, and validation through national horizon-scanning and policy dialogues (n >100). Evidence was analyzed across system, organizational, and individual levels. RESULTS: At the system level, international jurisdictions demonstrate comprehensive, legislated approaches integrating data, governance, and multi-year funding have advanced key nursing strategies. In Canada, the advances show the importance of strategies to have national and provincial/territorial alignment emphasizing leadership, flexibility, and inclusion as key levers. Organizational and individual-level reforms such as mentorship, leadership development, and wellness initiatives are expanding but remain variably evaluated. Experts identified national workforce data strategies and policy integration with embedded evaluation as key enablers to inform scalability and sustainability of implemented strategies. CONCLUSIONS: Canada's nursing workforce reforms are advancing toward coordinated, equity-driven, and evidence-informed strategies. Continued investment in evaluation, leadership, and national integrated data systems along with integrating nursing workforce planning within broader intersectoral planning will consolidate these gains and position Canada as an international leader in sustainable nursing workforce policy.
In this paper we map the location and distribution of HIV service providers across Toronto neighbourhoods. Our analysis identified an uneven distribution of services across Toronto and a number of communities that are less accessible to HIV-related services. We subsequently identified three neighbourhood-level characteristics of the populations living within these communities (i.e. concentrated economic disadvantage, concentrated immigration, and residential instability). Our findings suggest a significant overlap in the location of HIV service providers and the clustering of neighbourhood-level demographic and socioeconomic factors. Some inaccessible neighbourhoods overlap with clusters of neighbourhoods with higher levels of concentrated disadvantage, immigration and percentage of black Canadians. Accessible neighbourhoods are located within the downtown core of Toronto and overlap with clusters of highly dense, younger neighbourhoods (with a high proportion of 15- to 34-year-olds who are unmarried). Our findings point to the need for policy-makers to integrate spatial analytic techniques into their examination of the types of neighbourhoods, and subsequently the community members that live within those neighbourhoods, that are potentially underserved with respect to health and social services.
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